International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802522013041318590ENPhD in Health Education, Digestive Diseases Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranProfessor, Health Education and Promotion Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAssociate Professor, Digestive Diseases Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran20130413<strong>Background:</strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent <br />cancer among Iranians, and threatens them at younger ages. This study was guided by the theoretical concepts of the preventive health model (PHM) to assess the attitudes and beliefs of Iranians towards CRC screening.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted with <br />participation of 200 individuals aged 50 years or older in a Teaching Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Background characteristics (e.g., age, gender, marital status) were assessed and a validated instrument drawn from the PHM was applied to measure cognitive and psychosocial variables (i.e., self-efficacy, intention to screening, perceived susceptibility, cancer worries, response efficacy, and social support). Data were collected via face-to-face interviews and analyzed using the SPSS version 13.00 for Windows.<br /><strong>Results:</strong>The age of the participants ranged from 50 years to <br />83 years (mean 60.13). Most respondents were married (62.5%), unemployed (42%), and had secondary or higher education (44.5%). Overall, 11% of respondents reported prior screening. Individuals obtained relatively poor scores on self-efficacy, intention to screening, perceived susceptibility, cancer worries, response efficacy, and social support.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong>In this study, individuals mostly reported poor <br />attitude in regard to CRC screening. The results of the present <br />study could guide policy makers in designing tailored interventions to increase the participation of individuals in screening programs.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong>Colorectal cancer, early detection, psychosocial <br />determinants, screeninghttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1145http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1145/1358