International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802002015041114981498EN20150411<strong>Background:</strong> Adiponectin is an abundant adipose tissue&ndash;derived protein with anti‑atherogenic, anti‑inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. Plasma adiponectin levels are decreased in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease and low adiponectin levels also predict insulin resistance (IR).<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> Case‑control study in which 642 male and female subjects were participated from the North Indian population. Lipid, insulin, leptin and adiponectin level were estimated using<br />standard protocols by commercially available test kits. Single nucleotide polymorphisms +45T&gt;G and +276G&gt;T of the AMP1 (adiponectin) gene was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction<br />restriction fragment length polymorphism method.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Levels of adiponectin, insulin, homeostasis model assessment‑IR index (HOMA‑IR index), systolic blood pressure and fat mass showed significant differences between male and<br />female subjects. Serum adiponectin level showed highly significant association with both the +45 and the +276 genotypes. The common haplotype triglyceride (TG) showed a significantly lower adiponectin value than other haplotypes (P = 0.0001). A clear trend of decreasing adiponectin levels per copy of the common haplotype was observed. Nonobese insulin sensitive subjects showed a higher adiponectin value (P = 0.0006) than nonobese insulin resistant subjects. The<br />values of blood pressure, adiponectin, insulin, HOMA‑IR, total‑cholesterol, and low‑density lipoprotein‑cholesterol significantly associated with TG haplotype.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We observed the very strong association of the adiponectin 45‑276 genotypes and haplotypes with adiponectin levels in healthy north Indian population and TG haplotypes<br />also associated with metabolic parameters of the IR syndrome.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Adiponectin, AMP1, haplotype, insulin resistance, polymorphismhttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1498http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1498/1783