International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802952018060319151915ENCenter for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, KisumuCenter for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, KisumuJaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu20180523<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) aides in preventing human immunodefciency virus (HIV) infection and HBV, respectively, from accidental or occupational exposure. We assessed compliance to guidelines for HIV and HBV prevention after occupational exposure among<br />hospital staff at a referral Kenyan hospital.</span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">We reviewed PEP registers for hospital staff reporting an occupational injury at a referral hospital in Western Kenya between January<br />2011 and December 2012. Proportions were used to summarize number of participants receiving the recommended services, Kaplan–Meier curves were used to describe time to ART initiation, and Chi‑square statistics was used to describe the association between participant characteristics<br />and PEP completion rates. </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">&lt; 0.05 was considered statistically signifcant. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Majority of documented hospital staff (</span><span class="fontstyle3">n </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 52) were health workers (63%) and students (27%) and had high HIV risk exposures (97%). All had timely PEP initiation with 50% completing PEP. Completion rates did not vary by gender (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.78), exposure type (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 1.0), or department of exposure (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.75). Retesting for HIV and negativity rates at months 1.5, 3, and 6 were 96%, 25%, and 17% and 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. At the time of exposure, 17% (9) of staff were HBV vaccinated and HBV status of sources was unknown; no intervention was provided for HBV prevention.</span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Low rates of completion and follow‑up negate intended benefts of PEP. Efforts should be directed to enforce universal precaution practices and completion of PEP. Low rates of HBV testing and vaccination illustrate the need for support for the implementation of HBV prevention guidelines.</span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2"><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Hepatitis B, human immunodefciency virus/AIDS, workplace injuries</span> <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" /></span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1915http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1915/717717739