International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029122018123119851985ENSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute & Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, BabolSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute & Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, BabolStudent Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, BabolSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, BabolMobility Impairment Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, BabolDepartment of Internal Medicine, Rohani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol20181231<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Smoking has deleterious effects on bone mass and is associated with the subsequent development of osteoporosis, particularly in elderly participants. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of smoking in the elderly male smokers. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">All male participants aged 60 years and older of the Amirkola cohort who performed bone densitometry entered the study. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) using the dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry method. In statistical analysis, the smokers and nonsmokers were compared according to BMD, frequency of low bone mass defned as BMD T‑score &lt;-1 at either LS or FN, and the number of bone fractures. SPSS software version 18 was used for analysis.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">A total of 203 smokers with mean smoking duration of 21.67 ± 17.7 years and the mean number of 36.4 + 15.8 cigarettes per day were compared with 408 nonsmokers. The mean BMD values in LS (0.90 ± 0.14 vs. 0.94 ± 0.19) and FN section (0.87 ± 0.13 vs. 0.89 ± 0.15) and also the<br />frequency of bone fractures were signifcantly lower, and the frequency of low bone mass at either LS and FN was signifcantly higher in smokers (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.014, 0.038, 0.003, and 0.004, respectively). In multiple logistic regression analysis, smoking was independently associated with low bone mass by odds ratio of = 2.27 (95% confdence interval: 1.49–3.44). </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">These fndings indicate a signifcant association between low bone mass and bone fracture at either LS or FN in the elderly<br />male smokers.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Association, bone mineral density, elderly men, smoking</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1985http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1985/717717805