International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021022019021920087802ENDepartment of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, IsfahanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, IsfahanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, IsfahanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, IsfahanSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, SemnanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, IsfahanIsfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan20190218<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Hemodialysis (HD)‑associated ocular abnormalities are one of the causes of morbidity among people undergoing HD. This study evaluates the frequency of ocular abnormalities in end‑stage<br />renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing HD and their potential link to HD and demographic parameters. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">This cross‑sectional study examined 242 eyes of 121 patients with ESRD undergoing regular HD after excluding the ineligible subjects. The study was designed in two parts. Medical histories of each patient including age, gender, family history, medication history, past<br />medical history, and duration of HD collected using a structured check list. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination for evaluation of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and anterior and posterior segments. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">In total, 121 patients, including 68 (56.2%) males and 53 (43.8%) females, were enrolled in the study. The mean ± SD age of the patients and their mean duration of dialysis were 51.59 ± 16.01 and 3.40 ± 2.75 years, respectively. The most prevalent etiology for HD was diabetes mellitus (39.67%), followed by hypertension (38.84%), and the most common ocular fndings included cataract (142 eyes; 58.7%) and ectopic calcifcation of the conjunctiva and cornea (78 eyes; %32.2). There was at least one abnormal ocular fnding in 89.3% of the cases. The BCVA was equal to or less than fnger count in 70 eyes (28.92%). There was a signifcant relationship between conjunctival calcifcation and the duration of dialysis (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.02). There was signifcant association between etiology of HD and conjunctival calcifcation (adjusted odds ratio, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.05–5.67; and </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">value, 0.03). Such signifcant associations were present for corneal calcifcation (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.009), cataract (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.02), and<br />optic atrophy (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.01). </span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Regular ophthalmologic examinations are recommended due<br />to the prevalence of clinical ocular abnormalities in HD patients.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Diabetic retinopathy, eye disease, kidney disease, kidney failure, renal dialysis</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2008http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2008/717717828