International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021062019070720952095ENDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu‑Ali Sina University, HamedanDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu‑Ali Sina University, Hamedancquired Immunodefciency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanChild Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‑ communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20190707<p><span class="fontstyle0">Leishmaniasis is considered as a zoonotic infection and neglected tropical disease. </span><span class="fontstyle2">Leishmania </span><span class="fontstyle0">treatment is not totally successful and imposes high expenditures, especially in developing countries. Since the natural infection leads to the robust immunity in most of the human cases, many bodies of research have been focusing on </span><span class="fontstyle2">Leishmania </span><span class="fontstyle0">vaccines, being capable to control </span><span class="fontstyle2">Leishmania </span><span class="fontstyle0">infection. First generation vaccines (such as Leishmune</span><span class="fontstyle3"> </span><span class="fontstyle0">and CaniLeish</span><span class="fontstyle3"></span><span class="fontstyle0">) have proved robust protective immunity in dogs. In human, recombinant vaccines, including Leish‑F1 could confer some degrees of protective immunity against natural infection. Recently, ChAd63‑KH DNA vaccine has been accomplished in providing prevention against </span><span class="fontstyle2">Leishmania </span><span class="fontstyle0">infection; however, this vaccine should be further evaluated in other clinical trials.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle4"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Leishmnia amazonensis, Leishmania donovani, Leishmania major, Leishmania mexicana, Leishmania vaccines</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2095http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2095/717717914