International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021092019100221352135ENDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Science and Technology, IrbidDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Science and Technology, IrbidDepartment of Public Health, University of Science and Technology, Irbid20191001<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Chromium was found to be crucial for several biochemical processes in the human body, including, in particular, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism whereas the exact mechanisms of its actions have yet to be explored. Here, we asked whether low serum chromium levels are present in Jordanian smokers and Jordanians with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D), with hypertension,<br />with overweight and obesity, and with a family history of diabetes. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">A total of 360 patients (120 with T2D, 120 with prediabetes, and 120 healthy controls) were recruited randomly based on the American Diabetes Association criteria. Smokers (</span><span class="fontstyle3">n </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 26), and patients with hypertension (</span><span class="fontstyle3">n </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 46),<br />with overweight (</span><span class="fontstyle3">n </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 47) and obesity (</span><span class="fontstyle3">n </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 57), and with family history of diabetes (</span><span class="fontstyle3">n </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 63) were included in the tested population. Serum chromium concentration was measured using the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">The results from this study revealed signifcant increase (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.001 univariate, </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.038 multivariate) and signifcant decrease (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.046 univariate, </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.038 multivariate) in serum chromium concentrations in smokers and people with T2D and prediabetes, respectively. In addition, serum chromium insignifcantly altered (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">&gt; 0.05) in people with hypertension, with a family history of diabetes, and with overweight or obesity. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Higher levels of serum chromium were observed in smokers, whereas lower levels were found to be present in patients with T2D and patients with prediabetes. In addition, serum chromium level may not be affected by hypertension, overweight and obesity, and family history of diabetes.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Obesity, overweight, serum chromium, smokers, type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, hypertension</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2135http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2135/717717940