International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-780210102020020921602160ENProteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, HamadanDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, IlamDepartment Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, IlamStudent Research Committee, Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam20200119<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases ranking next to upper respiratory tract infections. UTIs are often significantly associated with morbidity and mortality. The inappropriate administration of antibiotics to treat these infections increased infection<br />resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of antibiotic resistance pattern in UTIs. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">We searched several databases including PubMed, Web of Science,<br />Scopus, Google Scholar, Iran Medex, Magiran, IranDoc, MedLib, and Scientific Information Database to identify the studies addressing antibacterial resistance patterns of the most common uropathogenic bacteria in UTIs in Iran. A total of 90 reports published from different regions of Iran from 1992 to May 2015 were involved in this study. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">It is shown that the most common pathogen causing UTIs is </span><span class="fontstyle3">Escherichia coli </span><span class="fontstyle2">with 62%. The resistance among the isolates of </span><span class="fontstyle3">E. coli </span><span class="fontstyle2">was as follows: ampicillin (86%), amoxicillin (76%), tetracycline (71%), trimethoprim‑sulfamethoxazole (64%), cephalexin (61%), and cefalothin (60%). The highest sensitivity among isolates of </span><span class="fontstyle3">E. coli </span><span class="fontstyle2">was as follows: imipenem (86%), nitrofurantoin (82%), amikacin (79%), chloramphenicol (72%), and ciprofloxacin (72%). </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">The results of this study showed that the most common resistance are antibiotics that are commonly used. The most effective antibiotics for </span><span class="fontstyle3">E. coli </span><span class="fontstyle2">were imipenem, nitrofurantoin, amikacin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. Considering this study, it had better, use less gentamicin, second‑generation cephalosporins, and nalidixic acid in the initial treatment of infections caused by </span><span class="fontstyle3">E. coli</span><span class="fontstyle2">, and no use penicillins, tetracyclines, cotrimoxazole, and first-generation cephalosporins.</span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2"><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, Gram‑negative bacteria, Gram‑positive bacteria, urinary tract infections</span> </span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2160http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2160/717717956