International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021112020041822142214ENDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanChild Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non- Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20200418<p><strong>Background</strong>: Attention‑deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the three main symptom domains including inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Recent findings suggested that nutrients might play an important role in the pathology of ADHD. The<br />present study aimed to examine the effects of Vitamin D and magnesium supplementation on behavior problems in children with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: This double‑blind, randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 66 children with ADHD in Clinic of Noor and Ali Asghar Hospital in<br />Isfahan, Iran, in 2016. Children were randomly allocated to receive both Vitamin D (50,000 IU/week) and magnesium (6 mg/kg/day) supplements (n = 33) or placebos (n = 33) for 8 weeks. Conners’ Parent Rating Scale was used to evaluate children’s behavior at baseline and at the end of the study.</p><p><strong> Results</strong>: After 8 weeks of Vitamin D consumption as well as magnesium, the serum levels of 25‑hydroxy‑Vitamin D3 and magnesium increased significantly in the intervention group compared with placebo group. Supplementation with Vitamin D and magnesium caused a significant decrease in conduct problems, social problems, and anxiety/shy scores; but it had no significant effect on<br />psychosomatic problems score.</p><p><strong> Conclusions</strong>: Vitamin D and magnesium supplementation in children with ADHD was effective on conduct problems, social problems, and anxiety/shy scores compared with placebo intake, but it did not affect psychosomatic problem scores, significantly.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Attention‑deficit disorder with hyperactivity, magnesium, randomized clinical trial, Vitamin D</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2214http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2214/717718011