International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021222021031724282428ENRazi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, TehranRazi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, TehranRazi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, TehranRazi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, TehranRazi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, TehranAddiction department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran20210317Hypothesis Chronic methylphenidate abuse or administration causes oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in brain cells that require therapeutic approaches to inhibit neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration of these types.[1,2] Nonetheless, the function of methylphenidate in the induction of neurodegeneration or neuroprotection is uncertain, but most of the data support the function of methylphenidate in neurodegeneration.http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2428http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2428/717718266