International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021411202312181721EN1- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, 3- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran4- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran5- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran1- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 6- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran20231218<p>Background: Ventilator‑associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common nosocomial infections. The role of probiotics in preventing VAP is still questionable. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of synbiotic FamiLact 2plus on the prevention of VAP in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A total of 80 mechanically ventilated patients were included and divided into two groups of 40. Group 1 received FamiLact 2plus, and group 2 received placebo. The outcome variables were compared, including the incidence of VAP, the time interval between the onset of ventilation and VAP, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and the length of stay in the ICU. Results: VAP is documented in four patients (10%) in group 1 and 11 patients (27.5%) in group 2 (P = 0.045). The length of stay in the ICU in group 1 was significantly shorter than in group 2, and the time interval between the start of intubation and the onset of VAP in group 1 was longer than in the placebo group. During the intervention, 15 patients in group 1 (37.5%) and 26 patients in group 2 (65%) developed diarrhea, which was a significant difference (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Synbiotic is associated with a reduction in the incidence of VAP as well as a reduction in ICU stay and delayed VAP.</p><p><span class="ej-journal-name" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic; font-weight: 500; color: #3b3030; font-family: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">International Journal of Preventive Medicine<span> </span></span><span id="ej-journal-date-volume-issue-pg" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3030; font-family: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><a style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #005b92; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; cursor: pointer; outline: 0px;" href="https://journals.lww.com/ijom/pages/currenttoc.aspx">14():124, November 2023.</a></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3030; font-family: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span> </span>|<span> </span></span><span class="ej-journal-doi" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic; font-weight: 500; color: #3b3030; font-family: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">DOI:<span> </span></span><span style="color: #3b3030; font-family: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_329_22</span></p><p> </p><p>Corresponding Author: Dr. Atousa Hakamifard</p><p>E‑mail: atousahakamifard@sbmu.ac.ir</p><p>You can also search for this author in: <a title="PubMed" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%28%28Atousa+Hakamifard%5BAuthor%5D%29+AND+%28Isfahan+University+of+Medical+Sciences%5BAffiliation%5D%29%29">PubMed</a>  <a title="Google Scholar" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_U016y4AAAAJ&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=ao">Google Scholar</a></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2880http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2880/717718721