Association of Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Epileptic Seizure in Epileptic Patients: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029420180410Association of Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Epileptic Seizure in Epileptic Patients: A Systematic Review19071907ENDepartment of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, BushehrDepartment of Adult Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanChild Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20180410The evidence on the association between omega-3 consumption and epileptic seizure is inconsistent. Therefore, we have conducted this systematic review to clarify the possible relationship. Original articles were searched in electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Ovid) and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved articles. The main evaluated outcome was the epileptic seizures. We included the English language studies that reported the original data on the effect of omega-3 on epileptic human patients. We included the nine articles with 230 patients in the present systematic review. The mean ± standard deviation age of them was about 31.01 ± 14.99 years. The average of study duration was 22 ± 15.27 weeks. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements were defined as the sum of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (1100 mg/d); as the sum of EPA, DHA, and alpha-linolenic acid (5 g/d); and as the sum of EPA alone (565 mg/d) in different studies. Among the nine studies, four studies reported a significant positive association between omega-3 fatty acids and epileptic seizures. However, power and quality of these studies are low, and we cannot consider the beneficial effect of omega-3 on seizures. In addition, five studies did not reveal any significant effect. Majority of the included studies did not show a significant association between omega-3 and epileptic seizure in epileptic patients, but further studies are necessary. It is controversial whether omega-3 fatty acids can produce positive effects on epileptic patients or not.Keywords: Docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, epilepsy, omega-3 http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1907http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1907/717717732

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029420180410Does Alpha‑lipoic Acid Supplementation Modulate Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Stroke? A Randomized, Double‑blind Clinical Trial19051905ENDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanIsfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20180410Background: Stroke as a devastating condition is one of the major causes of death worldwide. It is accountable for long time disability with high personal and social cost in adults. There are several risk factors for stroke such as diabetes and hypertension. Alpha‑lipoic acid (ALA) as an antioxidant can be a risk modifer in these patients. We designed this trial to scrutinize the possible effects of ALA consumption on some cardiovascular risk factors in patients experienced stroke. Methods: In this randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled clinical trial, 67 patients experienced stroke were randomly allocated into two groups (taking a 600 mg ALA supplement or placebo daily for 12 weeks). Fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin and systolic (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured before and after intervention in this study. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software. Results: Primary features were similar in the intervention and placebo groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention period, SBP (P < 0.001), DBP (P < 0.001) and FBS (P < 0.001) reduced in ALA group compared with placebo group, signifcantly. No signifcant change was seen in insulin level (P = 0.82). Conclusions: Results of this trial indicated that 12 weeks supplementation with 600 mg ALA has benefcial effects on SBP, DBP, and FBS but has no effect on insulin level. Keywords: Blood glucose, blood pressure, insulin, thioctic acid http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1905http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1905/717717730

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029420180410Determinants of Problematic Internet use and its Association with Disordered Eating Attitudes among Minia University Students19061906ENDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, MinyaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya20180410Background: To determine the association between problematic Internet use (PIU) and disordered eating attitudes (DEAs) and to detect the potential risk factors for PIU among University students in Minia, Egypt.Methods: A cross‑sectional study was carried out among a random sample (n = 2365) of Minia University students. PIU was assessed using The Problematic Internet Use Scale (PIUS), and the DEAs were assessed using eating attitudes test‑26 questionnaire. Results: Of the 2365 students, 424 (17.9%) had DEAs, and it was more in females than males (22.3% and 14.5%, respectively). The mean of the PIUS score also was signifcantly higher in males than females (120.3 ± 30.5, and 117.5 ± 30.6, respectively). A positive moderate correlation (r = 0.48, P < 0.05) was detected between PIU and DEAs. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that PIU is signifcantly correlated with DEAs among University students in Minia, Egypt, and further studies are needed to identify the association between DEAs and PIU. Keywords: Disordered eating attitudes, problematic Internet use, university students http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1906http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1906/717717731

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029420180416Prevention of Cross-contamination Risk by Disinfection of Irreversible Hydrocolloid Impression Materials with Ozonated Water19081908ENDental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDental Materials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanBiotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, TehranDepartment of Prosthodontics, Student’s Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20180416Background: Disinfection of dental impression is mandatory for preventing the cross infection between dental staff and dental laboratory. Ozone as a disinfectant can be used in various ways in dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ozonated water for disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials and preventing cross-contamination.Methods: Thirty-two circular specimens (1 cm diameter and 2 mm thickness) of irreversible hydrocolloid impression material were made. Thirty specimens were contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 51299), and Candida albicans (PTCC 5027). Except control samples (n = 2), the other specimens were immersed in ozonated water for 5 and 10 min (5 sample each group). Trypsin was used for separating microorganisms. Diluted microbial solution was analyzed microbiologically for colony-forming units (CFUs). Two-way repeated measure ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test were used for data analysis (α = 0.05). Results: The number of CFUs after disinfection with ozonated water was decreased significantly (11.84%, 61.55%, and 20.27% after 5 min and 11.03%, 14.50%, and 16.99% after 10 min for P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans, respectively) (P < 0.001). Increasing the time of disinfection resulted in significant reduction in a number of S. aureus only (P < 0.001) although they did not vanish microorganisms completely. Conclusions: Immersion of irreversible hydrocolloid impression material in ozonated water for 10 min will not lead to complete disinfection but decreases the microorganisms to a level that can prevent infection transmission. Keywords: Colony count, dental impression materials, disinfection, infection control http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1908http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1908/717717733

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029420180429Analysis of Iranian Youth Health Policy: Necessity of Action‑oriented Interventions19111911ENDepartment of Social Determinants of Health, National Institute for Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranAssociation of International Medical Graduates of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaMedical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran20180429Background: Protecting the youth and adolescents’ health is considered to be an indicator of health equity. The current study was conducted to analyze health status of the Iranian youth and adolescents, identify service gaps, and design action‑oriented interventions.Methods: In this study with multimethods design conducted in 2014, first to identify and analyze the current situation, related articles and national and international documents were searched and reviewed. Then, stakeholders’ analysis, interviews, group discussion, and analysis of the youth and adolescent health management system were done, and the policy document was drew up in three sections of recognition, orientation, and suggested interventions.Results: The most important focus areas of the youth and adolescents’ health were identified to be their behavior and lifestyle, less advantaging of primary health care in cities, and high rates of educational dropouts. Considering a responsive national structure to develop and implement a comprehensive and integrated program for educating healthy lifestyles and reducing risky behaviors and focusing on accident prevention as a first priority at the level of impact and planning on risk factors of noncommunicable and communicable diseases related to sexually transmitted infections and AIDS at the outcome‑level indicators is a necessity through intersectoral collaboration and community participation strategies.Conclusions: Achieving premiere indicators of the Iranian youth health requires political commitment and support of the state, more than ever. To cooperation and utilize the capacity of other sectors to implement the Ministry of Health and Medical Education programs, establishment of the youth health commission is recommended with participation of the main partners.Keywords: Adolescence, equity, public health, youthhttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1911http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1911/717717735

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029420180429Evaluating Temperature Changes of Brain Tissue Due to Induced Heating of Cell Phone Waves19121912ENDepartment of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20180429Background: Worries have recently been increased in the absorption of radiofrequency waves and their destructing effects on human health by increasing use of cell phones (mobile phones). This study performed to determine the thermal changes due to mobile phone radio frequency waves in gray and white brain tissue.Methods: This study is an empirical study, where the thermal changes of electromagnetic waves resulted from cell phones (900 MHZ, specific absorption rate for head 1.18 w/kg) on the 15 brain tissue of a cow were analyzed in a compartment with three different thickness of 2 mm, 12 mm, and 22 mm, for 15 min. The Lutron thermometer (model: MT‑917) with 0.01°C precision was used for measuring the tissue temperature. For each thickness was measured three times. Data analysis is done by Lutron and MATLAB software packages.Results: In confronting of the tissue with the cell phone, the temperature was increased by 0.53°C in the 2 mm thickness that is the gray matter of the brain, increased by 0.99°C in the 12 mm thickness, and also increased by 0.92°C in the 22 mm thickness. Brain temperature showed higher rates than the base temperature after 15 min of confrontation with cell phone waves in all the three thicknesses.Conclusions: Cell phone radiated radio frequency waves were effective on increasing brain tissue temperature, and this temperature increase has cumulative effect on the tissue, being higher, for some time after the confrontation than the time with no confrontation.Keywords: Brain tissue, cell phone, electromagnetic waves, radiofrequency waves, temperaturehttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1912http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1912/717717736

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029420180421Letter to Editor about “Tumor Cells Growth and Survival Time with the Ketogenic Diet in Animal Models: A Systematic Review”19101910ENDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences & Students’ Scientifc Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Campus, TehranDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences & Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran & Dietitians and Nutrition Experts Team (DiNET), Universal Scientifc Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran20180421Dear Editor, We have recently read with great interest the article, “Tumor cells growth and survival time with the ketogenic diet (KD) in animal models: A systematic review” that was written by Khodadadi et al.[1] The topic of the study is interesting and the authors tried to shed light on the probable beneficial effect of KD in cancer through retrieving animal studies. We would like to correct some aspects of this study.http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1910http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1910/717717734