International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029920180922Aged Garlic and Cancer: A Systematic Review19561956ENCancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran & The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, NottinghamFood Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanFood Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan & Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan
University of Medical Sciences, SemnanEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran & Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran20180922<p><span class="fontstyle0">Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, which increases health-care costs. It has been reported that some dietary components such as aged garlic, one of the garlic preparations with no strong odor and harsh irritating taste, exhibits anticancer effects. This review summarizes the potential beneficial effects of aged garlic on cancer incidences as well as prevention and improvement of factors related to malignancy. Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched. All study designs which were focused on cancer incidence, or indices related to malignancy as outcomes in human, animal, and human cells studies, and aged garlic and its ingredients as exposures were reviewed in accordance to the items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. Initially, 304 articles were identified. Then, 25 articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected. Based on the evaluation, overall quality score of human studies was well. Although there were inconsistent evidence from human studies, results of the animal and laboratory results were mostly consistent. The overall findings may suggest that intakes of aged garlic are inversely associated with cancer. In this regard, the studies have shortcomings. Therefore, more precise investigations will be necessary to decide whether aged garlic<br />consumption is recommendable as a part of cancer prevention or control programs. However, due to anticancer properties of aged garlic, its consumption along with healthy diet may have beneficial effects on cancer.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Aged garlic, cancer, diet, systematic review</span> </p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1956http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1956/717717771International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029920180922Comparative Effectiveness of Prophylactic Therapies for Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: Protocol for a Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials19551955ENDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University,
Hamilton, ON, Canada & HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies
in Health, Kerman University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University,
Hamilton, ON, Canada & Department of Pediatrics,
University of Antioquia, Medellin, ColombiaDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University,
Hamilton, ONDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON & Heart Failure/Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ONDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ONDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ONDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON & Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Jagiellonian
University Medical College Krakow, PolandChild Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ONDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ONHospital Library, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Department
of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONDepartment of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ONDepartment of Hygiene and Dietetics, Jagiellonian
University Medical College Krakow, PolandDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ONDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON & Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS & Systematic Overviews through advancing Research Technology (SORT), Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON20180922<p><span class="fontstyle0">Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common and devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Current literature on the prevention of NEC has limitations including lack of direct and indirect comparisons of available therapies. We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE,<br />Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database, and grey literature sources to identify eligible trials evaluating NEC preventive therapies. Eligible studies will (1) enroll preterm (gestational age <37 weeks) and/or<br />low birth weight (birth weight <2500 g) infants, (2) randomize infants to any preventive intervention or a placebo, or alternative active or nonactive intervention. Our outcomes of interest are severe NEC (stage II or more, based on Bell’s criteria), all-cause mortality, NEC-related mortality,<br />late-onset sepsis, duration of hospitalization, weight gain, time to establish full enteral feeds, and treatment-related adverse events. Two reviewers will independently screen trials for eligibility, assess risk of bias, and extract data. All discrepancies will be resolved by discussion. We will specify </span><span class="fontstyle2">a priori </span><span class="fontstyle0">explanations for heterogeneity between studies. For available comparisons between treatment and no treatment, and direct comparisons of treatments, we will conduct conventional meta-analysis<br />using a random effects model. We will conduct a network meta-analysis using a random effects model within the Bayesian framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to assess relative effects of eligible interventions. We will assess the certainty in direct, indirect, and network estimates using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. </span><span class="fontstyle3">Ethics and Dissemination: </span><span class="fontstyle0">We will disseminate our findings through a peer-reviewed publication and<br />conference presentations.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle3" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Multiple treatment comparison, necrotizing enterocolitis, preterm infants, preventive therapies, systematic review</span> </p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1955http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1955/717717772International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029920180922Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Serum of High Sensitivity c-reactive Protein Level in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials19541954ENDepartment of Community Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Community Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Community Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran20180922<p><span class="fontstyle0">Possible effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplement on the serum level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear. </span><span class="fontstyle2">Objective: </span><span class="fontstyle0">Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to investigate its effects on the serum hs-CRP level in patients with CVDs. A comprehensive search was conducted on the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed Central databases for pertinent papers in English up to November 2016. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that studied the effects of supplementation with CoQ10 on the serum of hs-CRP level in cardiovascular patients were included. We used random-effects models (the DerSimonian–Laird method) to estimate the pooled effect of selected studies and the </span><span class="fontstyle3">I</span><span class="fontstyle3" style="font-size: 5pt;">2 </span><span class="fontstyle0">test to assess the between-study heterogeneity. The subgroup analyses were carried out according to the baseline<br />serum hs-CRP, quality assessment score, supplementation dosage, and duration of intervention. Of 205 studies, five trials were eligible for inclusion in this study with 159 participants in the ntervention and 143 participants in the placebo group. Results of the pooled analysis revealed that the CoQ10 supplementation had no significant effect on the serum level of hs-CRP compared with the placebo group (MD: 0.120; 95% = -0.944, 1.185; </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle0">= 0.825). Moreover, the subgroup analyses showed the baseline serum hs-CRP, quality assessment score, and duration of intervention can be sources of heterogeneity. The results of this study demonstrated that the beneficial effect of CoQ10 supplementation for patients with CVDs is observed in those who received this supplement<br />for more than 12 weeks and with the baseline serum hs-CRP >3 mg/L.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Cardiovascular diseases, C-reactive protein, ubiquinone</span> </p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1954http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1954/717717773International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029920180922Interventions for Physician Burnout: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews19531953ENDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, TehranDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, TehranDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, IsfahanDepartment of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research
Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20180922<p><span class="fontstyle0">Occupational burnout is a common syndrome among physicians, and several individual-directed and organization-directed interventions have been implemented to reduce it. Until now, several review studies have tried to identify and introduce the most appropriate interventions. The aim of this article was to systematically review systematic review studies of interventions for physician burnout to evaluate and summarize their results, and ultimately guide researchers to select appropriate<br />interventions. A search was conducted to find review studies and systematic reviews in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Two reviewers independently selected and evaluated the studies based on inclusion criteria. Four of seven obtained<br />review studies and systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. These studies have reviewed individual-directed and organization-directed interventions intended to reduce burnout among medical students, interns, physicians, residents, and fellows. Various studies of the effectiveness of<br />individual- and organization-directed interventions have obtained different results. This research has shown that reaching conclusions about effective interventions (individual- or organization-directed) for physician burnout is not easy and that a number of mediating or moderating variables probably<br />influence the effectiveness of these interventions. Therefore, it is necessary to understand approaches and interventions for the prevention or reduction of physician burnout to fill the gaps in research.<br />In addition, review studies are required to be more precise in choosing their criteria to find more accurate results.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Burnout, physicians, review</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1953http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1953/717717774International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029920180922Dietary Supplements and Cardiovascular Diseases19521952ENUniversità Vita-Salute San Raffaele, MilanUO Cardiologia, Ospedale Valduce, Como20180922<p><span class="fontstyle0">The market of nutritional supplements is expected to expand over 6%/year through 2018 due to growing interest in personal health, aging population, and promising personalized care products. The most used dietary supplements are fish oil, multivitamins, Vitamin D, and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in this order, while probiotics is the fastest growing supplement. In the U.S., over 68% of the population use dietary supplements regularly. On the other hand, in the developed countries, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of death and morbidity from the 1900s. The effects of most dietary supplements on cardiovascular risk and CVD have been studied for a long time. However, despite several studies explored the association of the various supplements to the cardiovascular risk, there is still a lack of consensus. Multivitamin supplementation has been advocated to reduce cardiovascular events; Vitamin D levels have been associated with the occurrence of coronary<br />artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation; CoQ10 deficiency has been associated with myocardial dysfunction and with statin myopathy; probiotoics has been suggested to lower both blood pressure and circulating lipids. However, the study of the effects of dietary supplementations is not straightforward, since people assuming dietary supplements generally have a healthier diet and lifestyle, and randomized studies are rarely performed. In this review, we will summarize the<br />findings linking dietary supplements to CVD with a special focus on novel insights.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2">Keywords: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk, dietary supplements, multivitamins, probiotics, Vitamin D</span> <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" /></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1952http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1952/717717775International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029920180922Ocular Parasitosis Caused by Protozoan Infection during Travel: Focus on Prevention and Treatment19511951ENHealth Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of
Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20180922<p><span class="fontstyle0">International travel is rising quickly worldwide. Many people travel to tropical and subtropical areas, where there has been increasing exposure of travelers to infectious pathogens. Ocular parasitic infections are more prevalent in these geographical areas and they can lead to morbidity and mortality, often due to late or misdiagnosis due to the unfamiliarity of health staff with these<br />diseases. This is an up-to-date comprehensive review article that familiarizes physicians with ocular signs and symptoms, treatment, prevention, and geographic distribution of some parasites associated with travel. </span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Acanthamoeba, American trypanosomiasis, eye, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, parasitosis, protozoan infection, toxoplasmosis, travel</span> </p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1951http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1951/717717776International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029920180922Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Means for Prevention of Fractures among Elderly19501950ENDepartment of Acute Geriatric Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Willibrord-Spital Emmerich-Rees20180922<p><span class="fontstyle0">Fractures are major cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare and social services expenditure in elderly. Fractures often have multifactorial etiologies and the condition emerges due to the interaction between the different predisposing and precipitating factors. One of the most common causes leading to fractures after minimal trauma in older people is osteoporosis. The objective of this article is to describe the clinical concept and summarize the evidence and to explain the future directions for<br />research, focusing on specific issues related to prevent fracture in the elderly. This study reviewed the scientific literature addressing strategies for primary and secondaryprevention of fractures among elderly in the context of pharmacological and non-pharmacological means. A growing body of scientific evidence supports the use of both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions for the prevention of fracture. Research on these interventions has yielded positive outcomes in fracture rates. The bisphosphonates and vitamin D and calcium suppliments are the preferred therapy for prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Weight-bearing exercise and reducing home hazards have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of falls and consequently reduce fractures. Prevention of fractures in elderly consists of therapy and prevention of osteoporosis, fall prevention, and using injury-site protection by high-risk elderly patients. Special consideration needs to be taken to reduce home hazard, and falls prevention education can be recommended to the elderly with history of fall or mobility limitations. Future research to prevent fractures in elderly population should not only concentrate on improving bone density and strength but also need to be focused on falls reduction strategies.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Accidental falls, elderly, excercises, fracture, hip protectors, home hazards, lifestyle, osteoporosis, prevention</span> <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" /></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1950http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1950/717717777International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78029920180922Readability of Colorectal Cancer Online Information: A Brief Report19491949ENDepartment of Public Health, William Paterson University, WayneDepartment of Health Sciences, Lehman College,
BronxIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDepartment of Public Health, William Paterson University, WayneDepartment of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers
College, Columbia University, NY20180922<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Purpose</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. A decline in deaths caused by CRC has been largely attributable to screening and prompt treatment. Motivation, shown to influence cancer-related screening and treatment decisions, can be shaped by information from the Internet. The extent to which this information is easily readable on cancer-related websites is not known. The purpose of this study was to assess the readability levels of CRC information on 100 websites. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Using methods from a prior study, the keyword, “colorectal cancer,” was searched on a cleared Internet browser. Scores for each website (</span><span class="fontstyle3">n </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 100) were generated using five commonly recommended readability tests. </span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">All five tests demonstrated difficult readability for the majority of the websites. </span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Online information related to CRC is difficult to read and highlights the need for developing cancer-related online material that is understandable to a wider audience.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Colorectal cancer, online information, readability</span> </p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1949http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1949/717717778