International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021022019021920087802ENDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, FlorenceDiabetes Unit, St. Jacopo Hospital, PistoiaTuscany Regional Health Agency, FlorenceDiabetes Unit, St. Jacopo Hospital, PistoiaANIMO Association, ReggelloDiabetes Unit, St. Jacopo Hospital, PistoiaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence20190218<p><span class="fontstyle0">Lower extremity ulcers represent the most ominous, feared, and costly complications of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of daily life physical activities (PAs) and continuous movement monitoring (CMM) in the prevention of foot ulcers. Peripheral neuropathy<br />and peripheral vascular disease are the main causes of foot ulceration and contribute, in turn, to the development of additional risk factors such as foot deformities and/or joint and muscular alterations. Moreover, a defcit of balance, posture abnormalities, followed by gait alterations, increases the<br />risk of ulceration. PA can play a key role in the management of patients with diabetes and in the prevention of ulcers; however, even if it has been reported that some of these risk factors signifcantly improve after a few weeks of exercise therapy (ET), the real preventive role of ET has not yet<br />been demonstrated. These uncertain results can occur due to some limitations in the management of the same relationship between PA and diabetic foot prevention. Technological advances during the last years enable timely management of overall daily PA. The use of these modern technologies and devices allows CMM assessment and description of daily PA even in the long term. The data collected from these devices can be used to properly manage patients’ PA and thus contribute to the<br />prevention of foot ulcers.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Continuous movement monitoring, daily lifestyle, diabetic foot ulcer, exercise therapy, physical activity, prevention</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2010http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2010/717717830

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021022019021920087802ENMaster of Science in Counselingin Midwifery, Mazandaran Social Security Organization, Beheshahr Clinic, Beheshahr, Mazandaran ProvinceDepartment of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, ShahroudDepartment of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari20190218<p><span class="fontstyle0">Our aims to examine the factors influencing self‑care for the prevention and control of preeclampsia in high‑risk women. The current study is a review where the researcher browsed the available databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, Google Scholar, Medscape, and relevant research published between 1980 and 2016 were studied. To search for articles, relevant Medical Subject Heading keywords were frst determined (Self‑care, preeclampsia, prevention.) A total of 350 related articles were frst selected, and the fndings of 70 were used to compile the present article. The results of the study were classifed under two general categories, including (1). Counseling and screening strategies and (2) self‑care strategies for the prevention and control of preeclampsia in high‑risk women. Screening women at risk for preeclampsia include measures such as measuring their blood pressure, checking for signs of depression, testing for thrombosis, taking a history of preeclampsia,<br />providing preconception counseling about the appropriate age, time of pregnancy, and encouraging weight loss in obese women. This review showed a positive relationship between knowledge about self‑care for preeclampsia and its control. The factors influencing preeclampsia self‑care include making lifestyle changes, having a healthy diet, learning stress management, performing exercise and physical activities, taking antioxidants, dietary supplements, and calcium and adherence to aspirin<br />and heparin regimens. There is a positive relationship between preconception counseling, screening women at risk for preeclampsia, self‑care for the prevention, and control of preeclampsia.<br />(1) Tweetable abstract self‑care in high‑risk women is strongly associated with prevention and control of preeclampsia.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Preeclampsia, prevention and control, self‑care</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2009http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2009/717717829

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021022019021920087802ENDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, KermanMedical Students Association, Iran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman20190218<p><span class="fontstyle0">Body image is the perception of individuals of their own body and it can be affected by many variables such as culture, social pressure, and media, but it is not limited to these factors. Body image disturbances are important because they lead to severe physical or psychological health<br />problems. Development of body image dissatisfaction in Eastern communities has been increased in the past years. Despite many studies in Asian societies, In Iran, studies are scattered and limited.<br />Our goal is a better understanding of this matter in Iran. A review of scientifc literature about Body Image and Iran was conducted inPubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and ProQuest, also in Persian scientifc databases such as Scientifc Information Database (SID) and Thematic Guide to Iranian Publications (MAGIRAN). This search has been conducted in January 2018. Out of 389 articles, 44 of them were selected. In these articles, study period, sample characteristics, type of study, contributing variables, type of statistical analysis, and the main result of each article were extracted. Despite using different methods for detection of body dissatisfaction, results showed that this problem has a high prevalence in Iranian population. Contributing factors were also similar to the world fndings. Review of studies regarding body dissatisfaction in Iran, revealed a high prevalence of this problem. It seems there is a need for interventional programs to prevent the negative consequences of body dissatisfaction, especially in teenagers and young people. Future studies with scientifc or longitudinal design, which lead to better results, are recommended.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Body image, Iran, review</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2007http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2007/717717827

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021022019021920087802EN20190219<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Drug abuse is one of the most prevalent public health problems around the world and Iran too. Drug abuse is influenced by various psychosocial factors. This study aimed to explain the relationship model of drug abuse based on perceived criticism, mindfulness, and emotion regulation in Isfahan male adolescents. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">This was a correlational cross‑sectional study. A total of 350 male students were randomly selected from different high schools in Isfahan during the period of 2015–2016 academic year. Four questionnaires including the probability of drug abuse questionnaire, emotion regulation inventory, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and perceived criticism scale<br />were employed. Data were analyzed using Chi‑square and correlation coeffcient, besides; Structural equation modeling was used to model the direct and indirect relationships between variables. In this regard, SPSS and AMOS softwares were used. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Out of the whole subjects, 49.7% had score above the median, indicating more likely to be drug abuser. There was a signifcant correlation<br />between emotional reappraisal (</span><span class="fontstyle3">r </span><span class="fontstyle2">= -0.40), expressive suppression (</span><span class="fontstyle3">r </span><span class="fontstyle2">= -0.38), mindfulness (-0.57), and criticism </span><span class="fontstyle3">(r </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.57) with drug abuse among male adolescents (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">&lt; 0.001). Moreover, criticism through the emotional self‑regulation had indirect effects on drug abuse. Totally 69% of the variance in drug abuse was explained by the study variables. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">In total, the results of this study revealed that high levels of drug abuse among students can be considered as a crucial issue, regarding the signifcant effects of psychological factors, adaptive emotion‑regulation strategies, as well as school and family‑based Psycho‑social skills, are recommended.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Drug abuse, emotion regulation, mindfulness, perceived criticism</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2015http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2015/717717835

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021022019021920087802ENDepartment of Critical Care Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Critical Care, Nursing and Midwifery School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Critical Care, Nursing and Midwifery School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20190219<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Detecting pressure ulcer is an important nursing diagnostic and care requirement in patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Lawsonia plant on pressure ulcer grade one in ICU patients. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">In this clinical trial, 72 patients eligible for hospitalization in hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were divided randomly into two control and intervention groups. The standard program of skin<br />care was implemented on both groups; in addition, a mixture of Lawsonia (henna) and distilled water was applied topically in the intervention group. The classifcation form of the International Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel was used to identify grade one ulcers. Data were collected on the 1</span><span class="fontstyle2" style="font-size: 5pt;">st </span><span class="fontstyle2">day through demographic information questionnaire and Braden pressure ulcer risk assessment scale. An infrared thermometer was used to record local temperature of the ulcers on a daily basis. Assessments were made based on Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH), and the pressure ulcer area was examined per square centimeter on the 1</span><span class="fontstyle2" style="font-size: 5pt;">st</span><span class="fontstyle2">, 4</span><span class="fontstyle2" style="font-size: 5pt;">th</span><span class="fontstyle2">, and 7</span><span class="fontstyle2" style="font-size: 5pt;">th </span><span class="fontstyle2">days. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">The average change in the ulcer area per square centimeter in the control group increased by 29.9 ± 37.93 whereas it decreased by 3.54 ± 33.91 in the intervention group. The mean PUSH score decreased in the intervention group (5.36 ± 3.12) while it increased in the control group (1.91 ± 1.53). The average changes of PUSH score before and after the intervention showed a signifcant difference in both groups. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">With regard to the effect of henna on the reduction of ulcer area and the average PUSH score in ICU patients, the application of henna is recommended for healing grade one pressure ulcers.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Intensive Care Unit, Iran, Lawsonia plant, nursing, pressure ulcer</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2014http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2014/717717834

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021022019021920087802ENDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran20190219<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis are two methods for prenatal diagnosis. The goal of this study was to compare amniocentesis and CVS‑related complications in a large sample of Iranian women. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Medical records of 1624 women who underwent<br />amniocentesis or CVS due to medical indications between 2008 and 2016 were reviewed. Data regarding age, gravidity, parity, gestational age, type of procedure, neonatal weight (and percentile), trisomia, abortion, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), severe IUGR, preeclampsia, and<br />gestational hypertension were recorded.</span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Finally, 1215 cases were evaluated. Mean maternal age, gravidity, and gestational age were signifcantly different between two groups. Preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, IUGR, severe IUGR, and intrauterine fetal death were not signifcantly different between two groups. Trisomy 18 and 21 were common in cases underwent amniocentesis.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Women who underwent CVS are not at higher risk for developing hypertensive disorders than women underwent amniocentesis.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2012http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2012/717717832

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021022019021920087802ENDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20190218<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Birth asphyxia is considered as one of the biggest challenges faced by perinatal care experts. According to the WHO, in 2005, one‑fourth of infant mortality cases occurred due to birth asphyxia. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">This study is a retrospective study done on the newborn population with gestational ages of 36 weeks or higher during the years 2013, 2014, and 2015 to fnd the relationship between the number of birth asphyxia cases and the years. As a secondary objective, the relationship between the mode of delivery and the cases of birth asphyxia were investigated using logistic regression test. The inclusion criteria consisted of three cases, namely, gestational age of 36 weeks or higher, 5 min Apgar<br />of &lt;5, and umbilical cord pH of &lt;7.1. The exclusion criteria involved hydrops fetalis, cyanotic heart disease, chromosomal abnormality, and congenital infections. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">From the two independent variables of the study, only the variable “year” showed a signifcant difference between the years 2013 and 2015 (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">&lt; 0.01). The delivery mode did not have any statistically signifcant influence on the newborns’ affliction with birth asphyxia (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.993). </span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions: </span><span class="fontstyle2">According to the results, there is a signifcant difference between the rate of birth asphyxia in Iran and its global rate in 2015, and<br />regarding its multiple growth from 2013 to 2015, conducting a more comprehensive and extensive research on birth asphyxia risk factors at a delivery time seems justifed and inevitable.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Birth asphyxia, cerebral palsy, hypoxic‑ischemic encephalopathy</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2011http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2011/717717831

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021022019021920087802ENDepartment of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, IsfahanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, IsfahanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, IsfahanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, IsfahanSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, SemnanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, IsfahanIsfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan20190218<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Hemodialysis (HD)‑associated ocular abnormalities are one of the causes of morbidity among people undergoing HD. This study evaluates the frequency of ocular abnormalities in end‑stage<br />renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing HD and their potential link to HD and demographic parameters. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">This cross‑sectional study examined 242 eyes of 121 patients with ESRD undergoing regular HD after excluding the ineligible subjects. The study was designed in two parts. Medical histories of each patient including age, gender, family history, medication history, past<br />medical history, and duration of HD collected using a structured check list. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination for evaluation of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and anterior and posterior segments. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">In total, 121 patients, including 68 (56.2%) males and 53 (43.8%) females, were enrolled in the study. The mean ± SD age of the patients and their mean duration of dialysis were 51.59 ± 16.01 and 3.40 ± 2.75 years, respectively. The most prevalent etiology for HD was diabetes mellitus (39.67%), followed by hypertension (38.84%), and the most common ocular fndings included cataract (142 eyes; 58.7%) and ectopic calcifcation of the conjunctiva and cornea (78 eyes; %32.2). There was at least one abnormal ocular fnding in 89.3% of the cases. The BCVA was equal to or less than fnger count in 70 eyes (28.92%). There was a signifcant relationship between conjunctival calcifcation and the duration of dialysis (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.02). There was signifcant association between etiology of HD and conjunctival calcifcation (adjusted odds ratio, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.05–5.67; and </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">value, 0.03). Such signifcant associations were present for corneal calcifcation (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.009), cataract (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.02), and<br />optic atrophy (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.01). </span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Regular ophthalmologic examinations are recommended due<br />to the prevalence of clinical ocular abnormalities in HD patients.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Diabetic retinopathy, eye disease, kidney disease, kidney failure, renal dialysis</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2008http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2008/717717828

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021022019021920087802ENDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu‑Ali Sina University, HamedanDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu‑Ali Sina University, HamedanDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu‑Ali Sina University, HamedanMedical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, ShahrekordDepartment of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20190218<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydroethanolic </span><span class="fontstyle3">Nigella sativa </span><span class="fontstyle2">L. extract on skin wound healing in diabetic male rats. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0">Methods</span><span class="fontstyle2">: This experimental study was conducted on 49 male Wistar rats weighing 220–250 g divided into 7 groups of 7 each: control (nondiabetic<br />untreated), sham (nondiabetic eucerin‑treated), nondiabetic phenytoin (1%)‑treated, diabetic untreated, and three diabetic groups treated independently with phenytoin 1%, hydroethanolic </span><span class="fontstyle3">N</span><span class="fontstyle2">. </span><span class="fontstyle3">sativa </span><span class="fontstyle2">extracts 20% or 40%. Diabetes was induced with 60 mg/kg streptozosin in one administration. After anesthesia, 2 × 1 cm</span><span class="fontstyle2" style="font-size: 5pt;">2 </span><span class="fontstyle2">wounds were made on the rats’ backs and each group was administered with its own respective treatment until the wounds were healed completely. Tissue specimens were prepared<br />for histological examinations. The areas of the wounds were measured every 3 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s post‑hoc test. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">The mean duration of wound healing was 27 and 24 days for diabetic untreated and diabetic phenytoin‑treated groups, respectively. Wounds were healed completely in nondiabetic untreated, sham, and nondiabetic phenytoin‑treated groups on days 23, 24, and 21, respectively. The shortest duration of wound healing was seen in diabetic </span><span class="fontstyle3">N</span><span class="fontstyle2">. </span><span class="fontstyle3">sativa<br /></span><span class="fontstyle2">extract (40%)‑treated group (15 days) followed by diabetic </span><span class="fontstyle3">N</span><span class="fontstyle2">. </span><span class="fontstyle3">sativa </span><span class="fontstyle2">(20%)‑treated group (18 days). These two groups were found to have the lowest mean wound area during the study with a signifcant difference from mean wound area in the controls (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">&lt; 0.05). </span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">N</span><span class="fontstyle2">. </span><span class="fontstyle3">sativa </span><span class="fontstyle2">extract signifcantly promoted wound healing in diabetic rats in comparison with control groups. Although the benefcial mechanism of the promotion of wound healing was not specifcally studied, it is believed that the anti‑inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of </span><span class="fontstyle3">N</span><span class="fontstyle2">. </span><span class="fontstyle3">sativa </span><span class="fontstyle2">would contribute to this enhanced wound healing.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Diabetes, Nigella sativa L., rat, skin wound</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2005http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2005/717717826

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021022019021920087802ENDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, ShahrekordInternal Center, Imam Ali Hospital of Farokhshahr, Social Security Organization, Shahrekord20190218<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Vitamin D plays an important role in nervous health and depression. Vitamin D<br />defciency and anxiety affect diabetic status. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of<br />vitamin D supplementation on anxiety, depression, and inflammation in diabetic women with anxiety.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2"> In this randomized controlled trial, totally 51  women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)<br />and vitamin D defciency were randomly allocated to receive one oral pearl of 50,000 IU vitamin<br />D3 (26 women) or a placebo (25 women) fortnightly for 16 weeks. Anthropometric indices, sun<br />exposure, dietary intake, depression, anxiety, and stress scores and biochemical biomarkers including<br />high sensitivity C‑reactive protein (hs‑CRP) and interleukin‑10 (IL‑10) were measured at the baseline<br />and after 16‑week supplementation. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Mean ± SD age of participant was 47.43 ± 9.57 years<br />old. Baseline values were  not different between the groups. Anxiety score changes were signifcantly<br />lower in vitamin D group than the controls (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.001). Within group comparison indicated that<br />depression in supplement group with lower vitamin D levels was signifcantly reduced. Serum<br />hs‑CRP reduced (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.01), while IL‑10 concentrations increased (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.04) in the intervention<br />group. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Vitamin D supplementation can improve mood status and anti‑inflammatory<br />biomarkers in female diabetics with anxiety and vitamin D defciency.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Anxiety, diabetes, inflammation, Vitamin D, women</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2004http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2004/717717825

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021022019021920087802ENDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences & Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDigestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDigestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran20190218<p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #231f20; font-size: 9pt;"><strong>Objective</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">There are some evidence that Vitamin D supplementation may be benefcial for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Vitamin D supplementation on symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in patients with IBS. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #231f20; font-size: 9pt;"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">In a randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled clinical trial, 116 patients with IBS were supplemented weekly with either a pearl of 50,000 IU Vitamin D or an identical pearl of placebo containing medium chain triglyceride for 6 weeks. </span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #231f20; font-size: 9pt;"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Mean age of patients was 42.24 ± 12.26, and 40.06 ± 13.37 in Vitamin D and placebo groups, respectively. Dietary intakes were similar between and within groups. Serum concentration of 25‑hydroxy Vitamin D increased signifcantly from 21.10 ± 5.23 to 36.43 ± 12.34 in the Vitamin D group (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">&lt; 0.001), while it was not signifcantly different before and after the trial in placebo group. The IBS symptoms severity scores (SSSs), disease‑specifc QOL, and total score were evaluated at weeks 0 and 6. IBS‑SSS, IBS‑QOL, and the total score were improved signifcantly more in Vitamin D group in comparison to the placebo group (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">&lt; 0.05).<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #231f20; font-size: 9pt;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">This study indicates that Vitamin D therapy can improve the severity of symptoms and QOL in patients with IBS; however, the long‑term effects remained to be elucidated. Trial registration at IRCT: IRCT201402234010N11 IRB Number: 116/3976<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="font-size: 9pt;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Clinical trial, irritable bowel syndrome, quality of life, supplementation, Vitamin D</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2003http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2003/717717824

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021022019021920087802ENDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, ZahedanDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan20190218<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">There is no statement on the ability of obesity indices in prediction of lipid abnormalities among young adults. The present study was conducted to determine the ability of obesity indices as<br />predictors of lipid abnormalities among a group of young adults. </span></p><p><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span class="fontstyle2">A total of 353 medical university students aged 18–25 years (188 males and 165 females) participated in this cross‑sectional study in 2014. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were measured to calculate obesity indices including body mass index (BMI), waist‑to‑hip ratio, and waist‑to‑height ratio (WHtR). Serum total cholesterol (TC), high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‑C), and triglycerides (TG) were measured by commercially available kits and were applied to calculate low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C) and atherogenic parameters including LDL‑C/ HDL‑C ratio, TC/HDL‑C ratio, non‑HDL‑C, and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP).</span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Subjects with BMI ≥25 kg/m² had a greater value of all lipid profles and atherogenic parameters (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">&lt; 0.05) except for HDL‑C (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">&gt; 0.05) compared to subjects with BMI &lt;25 kg/m². In logistic regression model,<br />BMI ≥25 kg/m</span><span class="fontstyle2" style="font-size: 5pt;">2 </span><span class="fontstyle2">was signifcantly associated with the highest odds for elevated TC (odds ratio [OR] = 7.67, </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.003), LDL‑C (OR = 3.24, </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.01), TC:HDL‑C (OR = 4.98, </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.01), and non‑ HDL‑C(OR = 4.32, </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.001) in males, as well as high values of TG (OR = 8.80, </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.002), LDL‑C:HDL‑C (OR = 3.64, </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.01), and AIP (OR = 9.65, </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">&lt; 0.001) in females. In terms of central obesity indices, males with WC ≥102 cm and females with WC ≥88 cm had the highest odds of increased LDL‑C:HDL‑C (OR = 6.71, </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.01) and TC:HDL‑C (OR = 3.25, </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.050), respectively.<br />In addition, females with WHtR ≥0.50 had the highest odds of high TC (OR = 3.56, </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.02) and non‑HDL‑C (OR = 2.70, </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.02). </span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Overall, the fndings of the present study showed that BMI was a stronger index for prediction of classical lipid parameters and atherogenic parameters than central obesity indices in medical students.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Body mass index, dyslipidemia, obesity, young adults</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2002http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2002/717717823

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021022019021920087802ENDepartment of Bioethics, Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran & Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran20190219---http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2013http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2013/717717833