International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022322232ENDepartments of Health Services and Administration School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartments of Health Services and Administration School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartments of Medical library and Information Science School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran20200420<p><span class="fontstyle0">The prevalence of mental disorders in Iran is rising for many reasons including the population growth<br />and its problems, the collapse of the family foundation, the economic problems, etc. Epidemiological<br />studies of psychiatric disorders play an important role in determining the general mental health of<br />the population and policy‑making and future planning of service delivery. To identify the relevant<br />studies, two authors independently searched different scholarly databases including Embase,<br />PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI/Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Psych INFO, and Iranian databases such as<br />MagIran, SID, IranPsych, and Irandoc from 1</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="font-size: 5pt;">st </span><span class="fontstyle0">January 2007 up to 1</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="font-size: 5pt;">st </span><span class="fontstyle0">July 2018. The gray literature<br />(through Google Scholar) was also mined. Studies written in English or in the Persian language<br />were searched. After searching the databases and removing duplicates cases, a total of 10 studies<br />were selected and included in the study, which reported a total of 14 prevalence rates. There were<br />a total of 72,262 participants, of whom 32,925 were male and 39,337 were female. The prevalence<br />of psychiatric disorders in studies which used screening tool was 31.03% (95% confidence<br />interval: 25.99–36.07). The prevalence was 25.42% in studies which used clinical interviews<br />(95% CI: 15.96–34.88). There is an undeniable fact that the prevalence of mental disorders in Iran<br />has been increasing, and this could be a warning to policy‑makers and health system managers.<br />Hence, it is necessary to pay attention to this issue to maintain social capital, vitality, and efficiency<br />of individuals and society as a whole.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Iran, mental health, meta-analysis, prevalence, psychiatry</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2232http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2232/717718032

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022262226ENDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences & Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran UniNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran & Development of Research and Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, TehranDepartment of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, QomHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, TehranSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, KarajDepartment of Basic and Clinical Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranAssistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, ZahedanSubstance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, TehranNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj & Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran20200420<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Inflamation is widely known as an adaptive pathophysiological response in a variety of cancers. There is an expanding body of research on the key role of diet in inflammation, a risk factor for all types of cancer. Dietary inflammatory index (DII) was recently develpoed to evalute the inflammatory potential of a diet either as anti‑inflammatory or pro‑inflammatory. In fact, several studies have shown the association of DII and risk of different cancer types. The aim of this meta‑analysis was to investigate the association of DII with risk of incidence and mortality of any cancer types. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">We searched PubMed‑Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for pertient studies util January, 2017. All studies conducted to investigate the association of DII and incidence, mortality, and hospitalization of all cancer types were included. According to degree of heterogeneity, fixed‑ or random‑effect model was employed by STATA software. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Total 38 studies were eligible for the meta‑analysis. The results show that a higher level of DII increases the risk for all cancer types incidence by 32% (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.22‑1.42) including digestive tract cancers (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.33‑1.78), hormone‑dependent cancers (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.04‑1.24),<br />respiratory tract cancers (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.11‑2.17), and urothelial cancers (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.01‑1.73). Moreover, a higher level of DII is in association with a higher risk for mortality caused by all types of cancer by 16% (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.01‑1.32). In addition, meta‑regression analysis reveals that the design of study can have a significant effect on the association of DII and incidence<br />of all cancer types (slope: 0.54; </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.05). The stratified meta‑analysis shows that the association of DII and incidence of all cancer types in case‑control studies (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.36‑1.71) were more prominent than cohort studies (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.07‑1.30).</span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">This study shows that a higher level of DII is associated with a higher risk of incidence and mortality of all cancer types. The findings of the present study suggest that modifying inflammatory properties of dietary patterns can reduce the risk of incidence and mortality of all cancer types.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keyword</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Cancer, diet, dietary inflammatory index, inflammation</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2226http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2226/717718052

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022412241ENYazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, YazdYazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, YazdYazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, YazdYazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, YazdDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden & Department of Epidemiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah,Research Unit “Integrated Physiology”, Laboratory of Biochemistry- Human Nutrition, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, TunisTisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 & Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, BolognaDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaBaker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, & Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, MelbourneYazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, YazdStudent Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd & Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd20200420<p><strong>Background</strong>: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the world’s largest health epidemics, and<br />its management is a major challenge worldwide. The aim of this 10‑year follow‑up study was<br />to assess the most important predictors of MetS persistence among an Iranian adult population.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: In this cohort study, 887 out of 2000 participants with MetS aged 20–74 years in the<br />central part of Iran were followed‑up for about 10 years from 2005–2006 to 2015–2016. MetS<br />was defined based on the criteria of NCEP‑ATP III adopted for the Iranian population. Cox<br />proportional hazards regression was conducted to evaluate the predictors of MetS persistence<br />in crude‑ and multivariate‑adjusted models.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Our analyses showed that 648 out of 887<br />participants (73%) completed the follow‑up and 565 (87.2%) of them had persistence of MetS<br />after 10‑year follow‑up. There was a significant association between age, weight, body mass<br />index, triglyceride, and waist circumference in participants who had MetS compared to those<br />without MetS after 10‑year follow‑up (P &lt; 0.05). There was a direct association between increases<br />in the mean changes of systolic/diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and low HDL‑C<br />and risk of MetS persistence after adjusting the model for sex and age in the total population<br />(Ptrend &lt; 0.05). The trends were the same for women except in diastolic blood pressure. After<br />adjustment for potential confounders, the risk of MetS persistence in men was significantly higher<br />than women (HR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.38–2.85, Ptrend = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Most of the risk factors<br />of MetS were positively associated with persistence of MetS. Therefore, modification of lifestyle<br />is recommended to reduce MetS.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Cohort studies, metabolic syndrome, persistence</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2241http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2241/717718033

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022362236ENCollege of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, BangkokCollege of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, BangkokSecond Year MBBS, Dow International Medical College KarachiCivil Hospital, Mirpurkhas, SindhHealth Services Academy, Islamabad20200420<p><strong>Background</strong>: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in gradual<br />decline of motor, autonomic, and neuropsychiatric functions of the patient. Knowledge and factors<br />responsible for Parkinson’s disease (PD) are important among patients that could positively affect their<br />attitude and perceptions. This study was conducted to determine the factors influencing and level of<br />the knowledge regarding Parkinson’s disease in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: This cross‑sectional study was<br />conducted on 125 patients admitted in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Bangkok, Thailand.<br />Sociodemographic variables and clinical characteristics were collected as predictors of knowledge,<br />treatment, and self‑care for PD. A validated, piloted, pretested tool was used for data collection.<br />Multiple linear regressions were used to find the most influencing predictor of knowledge about PD.<br />The study was approved by the Ethical Board of Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The<br />level of education was found to be the most significant (P = 0.005) predictor of PD knowledge.<br />PD patients with high education had significantly higher knowledge scores than those with low<br />education in all aspects of disease (P = 0.041), treatment (P = 0.014), and self‑care (P = 0.011). PD<br />knowledge was poor in variables such as levodopa (62%), nonmotor symptoms (54%), and stem cell<br />transplantation (40%), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The study results conclude that educational level is<br />the most important predictor of knowledge about Parkinson’s disease.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Awareness, cure, education, knowledge level, misconception and determinants of Parkinson, motor disease awareness, Parkinson’s disease</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2236http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2236/717718026

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022352235ENHypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanIsfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20200420<p><strong>Background</strong>: Animal studies have shown the anti‑obesity effects of Tamarindus indica L. (tamarind)<br />fruit pulp. This study aimed to evaluate the weight‑reducing effects of T. indica L. fruit as well as<br />its blood pressure‑ and lipid‑lowering effects in a clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: In a randomized controlled<br />clinical trial, obese and overweight patients were randomly and equally assigned to tamarind and<br />control groups. Both groups were instructed proper diet and maintaining physical activity for<br />6 weeks. Furthermore, the participants of tamarind group were instructed to consume 10 grams<br />of tamarind fruit pulp twice daily with meals for the same period. Body mass index (BMI), waist<br />circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting serum<br />levels of glucose (fasting plasma glucose, FPG), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low‑density<br />lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C), and high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‑C) were determined<br />and recorded for all patients pre‑ and post‑intervention.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Twenty patients in each group<br />completed the study. Tamarind significantly reduced BMI, WC, LDL‑C, SBP, and DBP compared<br />to baseline. However, none of these effects were statistically significant compared to control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Consumption of tamarind fruit pulp with daily dose of 20 g has no significant effects<br />on body weight, waist circumference, serum lipid profile, blood glucose, and blood pressure.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Clinical trial, obesity, overweight, serum lipid profile, Tamarindus indica L</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2235http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2235/717718029

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022342234ENDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infertility Fellowship, Qom University of Medical Sciences, QomDepartment of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, ShahrekordDepartment of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20200420<p><strong>Background</strong>: Detecting pressure ulcer is an important nursing diagnostic care required for the<br />patients hospitalized in ICU. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of olive oil in<br />preventing the development of pressure ulcer grade one in ICU patients.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: In this clinical<br />trial, 72 patients eligible for hospitalization in hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences<br />were divided randomly into two groups; control and intervention (receiving olive oil). The standard<br />program of skincare was implemented on both the groups; in addition, olive oil was applied<br />topically in the intervention group. The data was collected on the first day through demographic<br />information and Braden pressure ulcer risk assessment scale. An infrared thermometer was used<br />to record the local temperature of the ulcers daily. Assessments were made based on pressure<br />ulcer scale for healing (PUSH) tool and the pressure ulcer area was examined per square cm<br />on the first, fourth, and seventh day. The data collected was analyzed by Fisher’s exact test,<br />independent sample t‑test and repeated measure analysis using SPSS (version 22).</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: On<br />the fourth and seventh day, the PUSH score was lower in the olive oil group (7.50 ± 2.823 and<br />5.44 ± 3.806) than in the control group (9.50 ± 1.732 and 8.83 ± 2.864) (P‑value &lt;0.001). Also,<br />a significant improvement of ulcer was observed in the olive oil group (mean difference = 3.56;<br />P value &lt;0.001) but no change was observed in the control group (mean difference = 0.75;<br />P value = 0.052).</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Based on the effect of olive oil in the reduction of ulcer area and<br />the average PUSH score obtained in ICU patients, the application of olive oil is recommended for<br />healing grade one pressure ulcers.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Intensive care units, Iran, olive oil, pressure ulcer</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2234http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2234/717718028

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022332233ENDepartment of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, DamghanMedical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, KermanshahDepartment of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, DamghanMedical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, KermanshahDepartment of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan20200420<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Renal ischemia‑reperfusion disturbs both the function and the histology of this<br />organ. Acacetin (Aca) is a natural flavonoid that is effective for relief of many diseases. The<br />aim of this study was to determine the impacts of Aca on renal ischemia‑reperfusion process in<br />mice. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">In total, 84 male Balb/cmice divided into 12 groups and were administrated<br />intraperitoneally for 4 days with or without surgery to dimethyl sulfoxide 0.01% or Aca (10, 25,<br />and 50 mg/kg) as Control, control Acas, sham, sham Acas groups. Ischemia‑reperfusion without<br />or with Aca (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) treatments were the other groups. Parameters related to the<br />function and the histology of the kidneys were evaluated and statistically analyzed from kidney<br />and blood serum samples in the respect of the groups. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">In ischemia‑reperfusion and<br />ischemia‑reperfusion + Aca (10 mg/kg) groups, there were significantly increased in urea, creatinine,<br />malondialdehyde (MDA), and apoptosis rate, whereas total antioxidant capacity decreased compared<br />to the control and sham and ischemia‑reperfusion + Aca (25 and 50 mg/kg) (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">&lt; 0.05). The<br />histopathology alteration was seen in the ischemia‑reperfusion group than the others (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">&lt; 0.01).<br />Moreover, there was a significant difference between ischemia‑reperfusion + Aca (25 and50 mg/kg)<br />groups than ischemia‑reperfusion + Aca (10 mg/kg) one (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">&lt; 0.05). </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">The recovery<br />effect of Aca was offered on renal ischemia‑reperfusion damage in a dose‑dependent manner in mice,<br />showing by kidney histopathology and functional criteria improvements. The attributed mechanism<br />for this impression would be the antioxidant property of Aca, decreasing both MDA levels and<br />apoptosis rate in kidney tissue.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Acacetin, antioxidants, apoptosis, malondialdehyde, reperfusion injury</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2233http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2233/717718053

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022312231ENLiver and Digestive Research Center, Reaserch Institute for Health Development & Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, SanandajLiver and Digestive Research Center, Reaserch Institute for Health Development & Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, SanandajLiver and Digestive Research Center, Reaserch Institute for Health Development & Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, SanandajLiver and Digestive Research Center, Reaserch Institute for Health Development & Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, SanandajLiver and Digestive Research Center, Reaserch Institute for Health Development & Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj20200420<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">The correlation of </span><span class="fontstyle3">Helicobacter pylori </span><span class="fontstyle2">infection with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and<br />gastric cancer has been proven. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of </span><span class="fontstyle3">cagA</span><span class="fontstyle3" style="font-size: 5pt;">+ </span><span class="fontstyle2">and<br /></span><span class="fontstyle3">cagA</span><span class="fontstyle3" style="font-size: 5pt;">- </span><span class="fontstyle2">genotypes of </span><span class="fontstyle3">H. pylori </span><span class="fontstyle2">on genes expression of interleukin (IL) -10 and tumor growth<br />factor (TGF) β1 in gastric epithelial cells of patients with gastritis and </span><span class="fontstyle3">H. pylori </span><span class="fontstyle2">infection.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">In all, 45 gastric biopsy samples were collected from patients with gastritis and </span><span class="fontstyle3">H. pylori<br /></span><span class="fontstyle2">infection admitted to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj city. Status of </span><span class="fontstyle3">urease </span><span class="fontstyle2">and </span><span class="fontstyle3">cagA </span><span class="fontstyle2">genes of </span><span class="fontstyle3">H. pylori<br /></span><span class="fontstyle2">were directly determined from the biopsy samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.<br />Expression of IL-10 and TGF-</span><span class="fontstyle4">β</span><span class="fontstyle2">1 genes in gastric epithelial cells of patients with gastritis and<br />cagA</span><span class="fontstyle2" style="font-size: 5pt;">+ </span><span class="fontstyle2">and cagA</span><span class="fontstyle2" style="font-size: 5pt;">- </span><span class="fontstyle2">genotypes of </span><span class="fontstyle3">H. pylori </span><span class="fontstyle2">infection was serveyed using real-time PCR method.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Overall, 25 samples had infection with </span><span class="fontstyle3">H. pylori cagA</span><span class="fontstyle3" style="font-size: 5pt;">+ </span><span class="fontstyle2">and 20 with </span><span class="fontstyle3">cagA</span><span class="fontstyle3" style="font-size: 5pt;">- </span><span class="fontstyle2">genotypes.<br />This study showed that there is a positive correlation between </span><span class="fontstyle3">cagA</span><span class="fontstyle3" style="font-size: 5pt;">- </span><span class="fontstyle2">genotypes of </span><span class="fontstyle3">H. pylori </span><span class="fontstyle2">and<br />increasing of IL-10 gene expression in gastric epithelial cells of patients with gastritis (</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">= 0.001).<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Level of gene expression of IL-10 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in gastric epithelial<br />cells of patients with </span><span class="fontstyle3">H. pylori </span><span class="fontstyle2">infection is connected to </span><span class="fontstyle3">cagA‑ </span><span class="fontstyle2">genotypes.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Cytotoxin‑associated gene A, gastric epithelial cells, Helicobacter pylori, interleukin‑10,<br />transforming growth factor‑beta1</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2231http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2231/717718051

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022302230ENIsfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanIsfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanIsfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanIsfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Neurology, School of Medical, Isfahan University of Medical Science, IsfahanDepartment of Neurology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, SariDepartment of Emergency, Abadan University of Medical Science, Abadan20200420<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic condition and affects people of all ages. Seizure<br />clusters are generally referred to seizures that occur at close intervals with complete recovery<br />between attacks. Various studies have reported a variety of frequencies and risk factors for this<br />condition. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">We designed a study to determine the frequency of seizure cluster and their<br />associated risk factors in Iranian population for the first time. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Among 40 variables analyzed,<br />18 of them were significantly associated with seizure clustering. Risk factors including educational<br />level, age of onset, number of drugs, seizure types, perinatal complication, developmental delay,<br />other illnesses, parental consanguinity, systemic diseases, number of drugs used, mentation, motor<br />signs, sensory signs, cranial nerves signs, cerebellar signs, seizure duration, existence of magnetic<br />resonance imaging (MRI) lesion, and type of MRI pathology are significantly associated with<br />clustering of seizures. When associated risk factors were analyzed with multivariate analysis, age<br />of onset of seizures, number of antiepileptic drugs currently used, lack of seizure‑free periods,<br />seizure frequency, and type of MRI pathology are significantly defining for anticipating clustering<br />of seizures. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Seizure cluster has a significant negative impact on the quality of life<br />of patients. Important risk factors that are found to be associated are age of onset, parental<br />consanguinity, frequency of seizure, lack of have seizure‑free period or periods, pathologies in<br />neurological examination, and MRI findings.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Epilepsy, predictors, risk factors, seizure freedom</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2230http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2230/717718055

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022292229ENDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, TehranDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari ProvinceDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, TehranDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province20200420<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">There are numerous couples worldwide currently suffering from infertility. Several factors, including genetic abnormalities are involved in infertility. In this study, we investigated the expression of myc gene in uterine tissue of infertile women. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the important transcription factors involved in the expression of many genes in the embryonic<br />growth, and development pathways. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">There are about 45 samples of uterine tissue from women with primary and secondary infertility were involved in this study. After extracting RNA and<br />synthesizing cDNA, using specific primers for the myc gene and the beta‑actin gene (as an internal control), gene expression was evaluated by Real‑time RT‑PCR method. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">The results of myc gene expression analysis showed no significant pattern between the affected and healthy women, however decreasing of its expression should not be rejected. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">This study is the first report about myc gene expression and its relation with the primary and secondary infertility. Myc gene expression study at different times of sexual period of infertile woman is suggested. Also, we proposed here, as a preventive strategy, improvement of the expression level of myc gene by some methods, such as hormone therapy, can increase the implantation success in the infertile women.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Gene expression analysis, myc gene, women infertility</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2229http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2229/717718057

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022282228ENChild Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‑Communicable Disease, Isfahan & Department of Pediatric Neurology, Imam Hossein Children’s Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanChild Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‑Communicable Disease, Isfahan & Department of Pediatric Neurology, Imam Hossein Children’s Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanChild Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‑Communicable Disease, Isfahan & Department of Pediatric Neurology, Imam Hossein Children’s Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanChild Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‑Communicable Disease, Isfahan & Department of Pediatric Neurology, Imam Hossein Children’s Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20200420<p><strong>Background</strong>: Stuttering is a kind of speech disorder that affects about 1% of total population. As the origin of this disorder is not obviously diagnosed yet, various remedies have been practiced and among them different medicines have been studied, but unfortunately no significant effective drugs have been recognized yet. As stuttering imposes a great social and mental costs to the patients and<br />their families, finding an effective medicine will help significantly. In this study we have focused on the effects of levetiracetam (LEV) treatment on children suffering from stuttering.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: In this clinical trial study, 30 children aged &gt; 3 years (median 3.8 years) with stuttering and abnormal sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) were treated by LEV and followed‑up for a minimum period of 6 weeks. The starting dose of 20 mg/kg/day was increased at an interval of 1 week by 20 mg/kg/day, if necessary, up to maximum dose of 60 mg/kg/day.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Overall LEV was effective in 70% of patients, decreasing stuttering to at least 50%. Three children (10%) became stuttering‑free and only in one (3.3%) child an increase in stuttering was observed. There were statistically significant<br />differences for efficacy in the presence of variables such as age groups, seizure, stuttering family history, and EEG data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: LEV is an effective drug for treatment of childhood stuttering<br />in those that have abnormal sleep EEG.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Child, disease management,etiracetam, stuttering, speech disorder</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2228http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2228/717718058

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022272227ENDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, BaghdadDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, BaghdadDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, Baghdad20200420<p><strong>Background</strong>: Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and free radicals is the main mechanism beyond gentamicin‑induced nephrotoxicity. Irbesartan and other angiotensin II blockers offer significant nephroprotective effect through improvement of renal <span class="fontstyle0">renal function and reduction of renal inflammation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to illustrate the nephroprotective effect of irbesartan in rats regarding the oxidative stress of irbesartan biomarkers. </span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle0">Thirty male Sprague–Dawley rats were used; they were divided into<br />three groups: Group І (10 rats) treated with distilled water, Group ІІ (10 rats) treated with gentamicin, and Group ІІІ (10 rats) treated with gentamicin plus irbesartan for 12 days. Blood urea, serum creatinine, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH), neutrophil gelatinase‑associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule (KIM‑1), and cystatin‑c were measured in each group. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle0">Irbesartan significantly reduced blood urea, serum creatinine, serum MDA, NGAL, KIM‑1, and cystatin‑c [</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle0">&lt; 0.05]. Irbesartan significantly increases SOD [</span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle0">&lt; 0.05] without significant effect in elevation of GSH serum levels. </span><span class="fontstyle2">Conclusions: </span><span class="fontstyle0">This study concluded that irbesartan has a nephroprotective effect in attenuation of acute nephrotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in rats.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Antioxidant capacity, gentamicin, irbesartan, nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress</span> </p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2227http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2227/717718046

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022252225ENDepartment of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, ShirazDepartment of Community Medicine, Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, ShirazBone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz20200420<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Medical error reporting is fundamental for improving patient safety. We surveyed healthcare professionals to evaluate their experience of adverse events witness and reporting, knowledge about adverse events, attitude toward own and colleagues’ errors, and perceived barriers in reporting errors.</span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">This cross‑sectional study was conducted on healthcare professionals<br />from May to October 2017 at Chamran hospital, which is the largest referral orthopedic center in southern Iran. The self‑administered questionnaire comprised 32 items covering five domains: (1) demographic and professional characteristics, (2) medical error witness and reporting, (3) actual and perceived knowledge regarding type of events and the status of completed training courses, (4) attitude toward reporting one’s own and colleagues’ errors, and (5) perceived barriers in error reporting. Questionnaire validity and reliability was proven in our previous study. </span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">From a total of 210 participants, 164 returned completed questionnaires (response rate = 78.1%); 87 (53%) were physicians and 77 (47%) were nurses. Underreporting was common, particularly among physicians. Out of physicians and nurses, 57.1% and 49.4% had poor knowledge, respectively. Participants reported their own or colleagues’ errors alike, but physicians tended to only provide verbal warning to their colleagues (36.8%), and nurses stated they would report the colleagues’ errors, if it was serious (32.4%). Fear of blame and punishment and fear of legal ramification were the most important perceived barriers.</span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Improvements in current medical error registry system, implementing effective educational courses, and modifying the curricula for students seem to<br />be necessary to resolve the problem of underreporting and poor knowledge level.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Barriers, education, health personnel, knowledge, medical errors, patient safety, quality of healthcare</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2225http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2225/717718044

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022242224ENDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20200420<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">In the past decade, factors such as population growth, increased environmental incidents, and substance abuse have caused patient‑overcrowding in emergency departments (EDs). Our main objective was to assess the effects of a discharge lounge on decreasing the patient waiting time and ED overcrowding by computer simulation. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">In this cross‑sectional retrospective study, the statistical population consisted of 39264 persons referred to the ED of Al‑Zahra Hospital.<br />The sample size was calculated as 1275 through systematic random sampling at 99% confidence. To increase research accuracy, the number of patients was increased to 2515. Data were collected by standardized checklists and hospital information systems. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Mean waiting time for level 2 patients who left the ED against medical advice after completing the treatment was declined from 56 min to 44 min and before completing the treatment process from 80 min to 50 min. Average waiting time for level 3 patients for personal satisfaction after completing the treatment process decreased from 15 min to 13 min and before the completion of the treatment process from 67 min to 41 min; the number of discharged patients awaiting discharge was decreased at level 2 from 3 to 2 and at level 3 from 2 to 1. The number of patients waiting for admission at triage stations reduced<br />from 44 to 39%, and the average number of patients discharged from emergency room was increased<br />from 7 to 12. </span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">ED overcrowding is the hallmark of a mismatch between the availability<br />of health care resources and patient demand for emergency care. Among major factors contributing to these situations are hindrances in patient flow and occupation of ED beds by nonurgent patients. The establishment of a discharge unit in the ED could be a practical solution to ED overcrowding.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Computer simulation, discharge unit, emergency department, hospital</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2224http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2224/717718056

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022232223ENRomaBiomed Research Lab, Via Martiri Libertà 6a, MedigliaDepartment of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, University Federico II, NaplesDepartment of ENT, Urbino Hospital, Urbino20200420<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Capsaicin binds the TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid), desensitizing the pain fibers that become insensitive to nociceptive stimuli. For this fact that the capsaicin has antipain and antiinflammatory properties, few studies verify possible harmful effects, especially with its use in high amounts. The aim of this study is to check salivary nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA)<br />as indicators of its possible oral health alterations. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">The protocol calls for twelve volunteers to eat 20 g of sausage with a high content of chili pepper and capsaicin. The study analyzes their salivary concentration of NO and MDA and in control group, 2 min, 1 h, and 1.5 h after ingestion. The U‑Mann Whitney Calculator Test statistically analyzes these results. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Immediately after eating, there is a significant increase of NO and MDA vs control: </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">value is 0.03752 and 0.03236, respectively. The values of NO and MDA vs control remain higher after 1 h: </span><span class="fontstyle3">P </span><span class="fontstyle2">value is 0.04036 and 0.0466, respectively, to return to normality after 1.5 h.</span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0">Discussion: </span><span class="fontstyle2">This study shows that capsaicin increases the simultaneous production of MDA and NO. It is possible to hypothesize that MDA derives mainly from the inflammatory process up‑regulated by COX‑2, generated by capsaicin. We hypothesize instead that the excess of capsaicin inhibits and reduces the number of TRPV1, which produces an excess of NO and generates nitrosative stress. NO reacts with O</span><span class="fontstyle2" style="font-size: 5pt;">2 </span><span class="fontstyle2">to form hydroxyl radicals (OH) and H </span><span class="fontstyle2" style="font-size: 5pt;">2</span><span class="fontstyle2">O, or with superoxide anions to form MDA. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">The results of this study clearly show that the use not necessarily excessive of chili leads to developing an inflammatory process.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Capsaicin, food, free radicals, mouth, nitric oxide</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2223http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2223/717718039

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022222222ENDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, MinyaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, MinyaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, MinyaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya20200420<p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Background</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">This study aimed to assess perception of healthcare workers (HCWs) toward infection control measures and to identify the major barriers that may hinder the proper infection control practice and to compare perception of HCWs toward infection control measures between Minia University Hospital and Minia General Hospital. The study was a descriptive cross‑sectional study.<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">The study conducted on 350 HCWs (187 from Minia University Hospital, 163 from Minia General Hospital); data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to assess perception toward infection control measures and to identify the major barriers that may hinder the proper infection control practice. </span><span class="fontstyle0">Statistical Analysis Used: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Data were gathered<br />and entered into Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS), version 22. </span></p><p><strong></strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">About 85% of HCWs in Minia University Hospital compared with 82% in Minia General Hospital had a positive perception toward Standard precautions (SPs). Knowledge score was the only significant predictors of perception of HCWs toward infection control. One‑point increment in knowledge score is associated<br />with significantly 13% lower odds to have negative perception; the multivariable‑adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) was 0.87 (0.81–0.95). The most frequent barrier of practice of SPs was absence of enough gloves and gowns. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle2">HCWs demonstrated positive perception toward infection control and SPs measures. The most frequent reported barrier against practice of SPs was absence of enough gloves and gowns. The significant predictor that hindered the practice of SPs was that “Following SPs makes work harder.”<br /></span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #00652e;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span class="fontstyle3">Barriers, infection control, perceptions, standard precautions</span></p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2222http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2222/717718060

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022402240ENDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ONDepartment of Political Science, Faculty of Arts, University of AlbertaBruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, OttawaDeputy Director and Head of Governance for Global Health United Nations University‑International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur20200420<p>Human security is a concept that challenges the traditional notion of national security by placing the ‘human’ as the central referent of security instead of the ‘state.’ It is a concept that encompasses health and well-being of people and prioritizes their fundamental freedoms and basic livelihoods by shielding<br />them from acute socioeconomic threats, vulnerabilities and stress. The epicenter of “health security” is located at the intersection of several academic fields or disciplines which do not necessarily share a common theoretical approach. Diverse players in the “health security” domain include practitioners in such fields as security studies, foreign policy, international relations, development theory, environmental politics and the practices of the United Nations system and other multilateral bodies like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Improvements in health are not only dependent on continued commitments to enhance the availability of healthcare and to strengthen disease prevention systems; they are very much enhanced by that intersection between global security and global health. What is emerging is global health diplomacy paradigm that calls for strengthening of core capacities in the public health and foreign policy arenas aimed at advancing human security through the strengthening of global health diplomacy practices.<br />Human security in its broadest sense embraces far more than the absence of violence and conflict. It encompasses human rights, good governance, access to education and health care, and ensuring that each individual has opportunities and devices to fulfill his or her potential. Every step in this direction is a step towards reducing poverty, achieving growth and preventing conflict. Freedom from want, freedom from fear and the freedom of future generations to inherit a natural environment – these are the interrelated building blocks of human‑ and therefore national security.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Development, diplomacy, foreign policy, global health, human security, noncommunicable diseases</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2240http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2240/717718027

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022392239ENRVT Medical Center, BangkokDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China & Department of Community Medicine, Dr DY Patil University, Pune, Maharashtra20200420---http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2239http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2239/717718025

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022382238ENTWS Medical Center, BangkokDepartment of Community Medicine, Dr DY Patil University, Pune, Maharashtra, India & Department of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, China & Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok20200420---http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2238http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2238/717718049

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021122020042022372237ENKMT Primary Care Center, BangkokDepartment of Community Medicine, Dr. DY Patil University, Pune, Maharashtra, India, 2Department of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou20200420---http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2237http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2237/717718054