International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-780215620240908121ENChronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MNChronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, TehranChronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, TehranChronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran20240908Diabetes is a chronic endocrine disorder that negatively affects various body systems, including the nervous system. Diabetes can cause or exacerbate various neurological disorders, and diabetes‑induced neurodegeneration can involve several mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of oxidative stress, neuronal inflammation, and cell death. In recent years, the management of diabetes‑induced neurodegeneration has relied on several types of drugs, including sodium‑glucose cotransporter‑2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, also called gliflozins. In addition to exerting powerful effects in reducing blood glucose, gliflozins have strong anti‑neuro‑inflammatory characteristics that function by inhibiting oxidative stress and cell death in the nervous system in diabetic subjects. This review presents the molecular pathways involved in diabetes‑induced neurodegeneration and evaluates the clinical and laboratory studies investigating the neuroprotective effects of gliflozins against diabetes‑induced neurodegeneration, with discussion about the contributing roles of diverse molecular pathways, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuro‑inflammation, and cell death. Several databases—including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and various publishers, such as Springer, Wiley, and Elsevier—were searched for keywords regarding the neuroprotective effects of gliflozins against diabetes‑triggered neurodegenerative events. Additionally, anti‑neuro‑inflammatory, anti‑oxidative stress, and anti‑cell death keywords were applied to evaluate potential neuronal protection mechanisms of gliflozins in diabetes subjects. The search period considered valid peer‑reviewed studies published from January 2000 to July 2023. The current body of literature suggests that gliflozins can exert neuroprotective effects against diabetes‑induced neurodegenerative events and neuronal dysfunction, and these effects are mediated via activation of mitochondrial function and prevention of cell death processes, oxidative stress, and inflammation in neurons affected by diabetes. Gliflozins can confer neuroprotective properties in diabetes‑triggered neurodegeneration, and these effects are mediated by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death.http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2918http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2918/717718759

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802156202409082231ENBamdad Respiratory and Sleep Research Center, Pulmonary and Sleep Ward, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanBamdad Respiratory and Sleep Research Center, Pulmonary and Sleep Ward, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanRespiratory Division, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec20240908The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) increases in women during pregnancy and negatively affects maternal and fetal outcomes. The updated systematic review and meta‑analysis aimed to evaluate the validity of the Berlin, STOP‑Bang, and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) questionnaires in detecting OSA in pregnant women. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched systematically up to March 2022. After eligible studies inclusion, two independent reviewers extracted demographic and clinical data. Bivariate random effects models were used to estimate the pooled accuracy measures including sensitivity and specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPVs), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve. We included 8 studies including 710 pregnant women with suspected OSA. The performance values of Berlin, STOP‑Bang, and ESS questionnaires were as follows: the pooled sensitivity were 61% (95% confidence interval (CI): 40%–80%), 59% (95% CI: 49%–69%), and 29%, (95% CI: 10%–60%); pooled specificity were 61% (95% CI: 42%–78%), 80% (95% CI: 55%–93%), and 80% (95% CI: 50%–94%); pooled PPVs were 60% (95% CI: 0.49–0.72), 73% (95% CI: 61%–85%), and 59% (95% CI: 31%–87%); pooled NPVs were 60% (95% CI: 0.49–0.71), 65% (95% CI: 54%–76%), and 53% (95% CI: 41%–64%); and pooled DORs were 3 (95% CI: 1–5), 6 (95% CI: 2–19), and 2 (95% CI: 1–3), respectively. It seems that the Berlin, STOP‑Bang, and ESS questionnaires had poor to moderate sensitivity and specificity in pregnancy, with the ESS showing the worst characteristics. Further studies are required to evaluate the performance of alternative screening methods for OSA in pregnancy.http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2921http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2921/717718762

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802156202409083233ENDepartments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Research Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, YazdEpidemiologist, Research Center of Statistical Modeling of Healthcare Data, Health Faculty, Yazd20240908<p>Sir,</p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive disease that is characterized by an irreversible renal dysfunction and consequent dialysis or kidney transplant.[1] In 1990, CKD ranked as the 27th cause of death and reached the 13th by 2010.[2] Also, CKD imposes significant burden and costs on patients and health delivery systems</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2919http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2919/717718760

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802156202409083435ENDepartment of Community Medicine, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, Tamil NaduDepartment of Community Medicine, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, Tamil NaduDepartment of Community Medicine, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu20240908<p>Dear Sir,</p><p>Digital technology has changed the whole world in the past two decades. It has contributed to all fields with its innovations. One of the key reasons for the success of digital technology is smartphones. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) and post‑COVID‑19 era, the teaching– learning process has become technology‑dependent. So, most of the children are exposed to this technology.</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/2920http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/2920/717718761