Health Science and Technology Evaluation: Emerging for Innovation

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120130224Health Science and Technology Evaluation: Emerging for Innovation985987ENKnowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran20130224-http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1080http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1080/1157

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120130224Essentials of Periodontal Medicine in Preventive Medicine988994ENDepartments of Periodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, IndiaChatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, IndiaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vinayaka Missions Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Prosthodontics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Medical and Dental Sciences Lucknow, IndiaDepartment of Prosthodontics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Medical and Dental Sciences Lucknow, IndiaDepartments of Periodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, IndiaChatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, India20130224Influence of systemic disorders on periodontal diseases is well established. However, of growing interest is the effect of periodontal diseases on numerous systemic diseases or conditions like cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, pre-term low birth weight babies, preeclampsia, respiratory infections and others including osteoporosis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, erectile dysfunction, Alzheimer’s disease, gastrointestinal disease, prostatitis, renal diseases, which has also been scientifically validated. This side of the oral-systemic link has been termed Periodontal Medicine and is potentially of great public health significance, as periodontal disease is largely preventable and in many instances readily treatable, hence, providing many new opportunities for preventing and improving prognosis of several systemic pathologic conditions. This review article highlights the importance of prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases as an essential part of preventive medicine to circumvent its deleterious effects on general health. Keywords: Cardiovascular, oral-systemic, periodontal medicine, periodontitis, pre-term deliveryhttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1081http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1081/1158

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120130610The Role of Lupus Nephritis in Development of Adverse Maternal and Fetal Outcomes during Pregnancy10041010ENDepartment of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Rheumatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Community Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran20130610Background: We aimed to investigate the relationship of lupus nephritis (LN) with fetal and maternal outcomes of pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: In a retrospective study, profiles of pregnant women with SLE were selected. Before pregnancy and at the end of first, second and third trimesters, SLE disease activity index-2K was assessed. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were carried out regularly. Maternal and fetal outcomes were recorded. Assessments of the crude effects of statistically significant variables on pregnancy outcomes were performed through multivariate regression analysis. Results: 72 pregnancies in 65 patients were recorded. The mean age of LN patients was 28.7 years, whereas the mean age of patients with clinical nephritis was 26.1 years. No woman with LN experienced pre-term labor or stillbirth. 16 pregnancies either ended in abortion or experienced preeclampsia of which seven had LN. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that LN and positive antinuclear antibody were related to preeclampsia, whereas age of SLE development was associated with pre-term labor. Combined maternal and fetal outcomes were associated with the past history of abortion and LN. LN was associated with preeclampsia and SLE flare. Conclusions: Absence of LN was in favor of prevention of SLE flare and preeclampsia. Keywords: Iran, lupus nephritis, outcome, pregnancy, systemic lupus erythematosushttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1214http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1214/1160

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120120414Association between Physical Activity and Metabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study10111017ENObesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEndocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranObesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEndocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEndocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranObesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEndocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran20120414Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. This study aimed to examine the association between PA and MetS and its components among normal weight and overweight/obese adolescent in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 777 adolescents, aged 12-18 years, who were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling from among TLGS participants. Subjects were classified as normal weight and overweight/obese based on the age- and sex-specific standardized percentile curves of BMI for Iranian population. Levels of PA were assessed using a standardized and modifiable activity questionnaire (MAQ), and categorized into tertiles. MetS was defined according to the Cook’s criteria. Results: Prevalence of the MetS was higher in overweight/obese than normal group (35% vs. 3%; P: 0.02). Normal groups were more physically active (50% vs. 44%); however, difference was not significant. There was a significant association between the light PA and risk of lower level of HDL-C before and after adjustment, in normal weight group (OR: 1.62, CI 95%: 1.11, 2.35; OR: 1.65, CI 95%: 1.12, 2.44, respectively). The overweight/obese group with light and moderate PA had a higher risk of having abdominal obesity than those with vigorous PA, only after adjustment for determined covariates (OR: 1.11, CI 95%: 1.07, 1.21; OR: 1.06, CI 95%: 1.01, 1.08, respectively); the association between MetS and PA was not significant. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the association between PA and some individual components of MetS such as waist and HDL-C. Keywords: Adolescent, metabolic syndrome, obesity, physical activity, TLGShttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/675http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/675/1161

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120130610Use of Glycated Hemoglobin in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Pre-diabetes and Role of Fasting Plasma Glucose, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test10181024ENDepartment of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital-Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital-Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Adult Medical Oncology, Princess Noorah Oncology Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Aff airs, Jeddah 21423, Saudia Arabia20130610Background: The study goal was to clarify the power and efficacy of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes and pre-diabetes by comparing against the other American Diabetes Association (ADA) diagnostic criteria of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods: This is a retrospective study. A total of 27,001 individuals attended to the internal medicine outpatient clinic between 2006 and 2010 years were screened. All diabetic patients and those using drugs associated with the development of diabetes were excluded. The results of FPG, OGTT and A1c for 1814 individual were analyzed and all grouped as diabetic patients, glucose intolerant (pre-diabetes) patients and non-diabetic patients according to new ADA criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes. Results: The prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes was 69.6% and 54% by using HbA1c alone, 64.2% and 28.2% with 2-h OGTT alone and 43.2% and 60.3%, respectively with FPG alone. Differences between FPG versus 2-h OGTT, FPG versus A1c and OGTT versus A1c were statistically significant (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.02, respectively). Diagnostic sensitivity of all diabetic criteria was 69.6% for A1c; Nearly, 64.2% for OGTT and only 43.1% for FPG respectively. In terms of diagnostic ratio of glucose intolerance; difference between HbA1C and OGTT was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: As a screening tool for newly diagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes, the HbA1C level performed better than FPG and 2-h OGTT in this general Saudi population. High diagnostic power of A1C may contribute to the decrease in the number of undiagnosed patients. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, oral glucose tolerance testhttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1215http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1215/1163

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120130127Food Insecurity Status and Associated Factors among Rural Households in North-East of Iran10251029ENDepartment of Nursing, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, IranDepartment of Nursing, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran20130127 Background: To assess the prevalence of food insecurity and associated factors among rural households in north-east of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 4647 rural households (18,061 persons) were studied in Neyshabur, a city in north-east of Iran. The Iranian version of the Six-Item Short questionnaire of Household Food Security Scale was used to measure food insecurity. Logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Total prevalence of food insecurity in this study was 40.9% (95% CI 39.49-42.31). Backward Multivariate Logistic Regression model showed that OR of food insecurity increased with: The presence of chronic disease in household in comparison the absence (OR = 2.02), the rural distance >30 km from the city in comparison the distance ≤30 km (OR = 1.42), the presence of smoker in household in comparison the absence (OR = 1.8), the residential infrastructure of household ≤50 m2 in comparison the >50 m2 (OR = 1.57), the presence of single parent in comparison the presence of both parents at home (OR = 1.39) and the household income (per month) <4,000,000 Rial in comparison the ≥4,000,000 Rial (OR = 3.92). But OR of food insecurity decreased with having a car in family in comparison not having (OR = 0.54) and the family having a house in comparison not having (OR = 0.62). Conclusions: According to results of this study, food insecurity is prevalent among rural households of Neyshabur, so it is an important public health problem in this region. <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Keywords: <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Food insecurity, Iran, prevalence, rural households-http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1044http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1044/1162

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120121107Respiratory Tract Infections and its Preventive Measures among Hajj Pilgrims, 2010: A Nested Case Control Study10301035ENSchool of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, IranResearch Unit, Shahroud Insurance Offi ce, Shahroud, Iran,Deputy of Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran20121107Background: Respiratory tract infections are very common among the Hajj pilgrims. Some preventive measures including Influenza vaccination, using face mask and salt water gargling have been considered to control these infections and the reports show conflicting results about the effects of each one of these measures. This study is trying to assess the effects of these recommendations on respiratory tract infections. Methods: According to nested case-control design, in a cohort consisting of 338 Iranian pilgrims, the outcome examined, was all types of respiratory tract infections other than common colds. With occurrence of any patient in convoy, data collection form was completed for that person. On the same day, two people were randomly selected as control group from among pilgrims who have not affected so far. Results: During Hajj, 32 pilgrims (9.5%) were affected by respiratory tract infections other than common colds. In univariable logistic regression analysis, salt water gargling (OR = 2.4, P = 0.08), existence of other patient in the room (OR = 2.14, P = 0.19), age over 60 years (OR = 1.84, P = 0.15) and the education more than or equal to 3 years (OR = 1.93, P = 0.16) were effective in the respiratory tract infections (P < 0.2). However, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that none of the above mentioned factors are significantly associated with these infections. Conclusions: This study showed that measures such as seasonal influenza vaccination, use of face masks and personal prayer carpet have no effect on the incidence of respiratory tract infections. However, washing throat and mouth with salt water can be considered the most effective preventive measures. Keywords: Common cold, Hajj, Iran, logistic models, prevention and controlhttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/986http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/986/1164

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120120626Disease Surveillance and Private Sector in the Metropolitans: A Troublesome Collaboration10361044ENDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran20120223Objectives: This study was designed to identify various reasons from various perspectives for underreporting disease by physicians in the private sector in big cities in developing countries setting. Methods: In this qualitative study, we used focus group discussions (16 manager), and in-depth semi-structured interviews (7 private physician, 2 experienced policy maker and a researcher). We used the thematic approach for data analysis. Results were amplified by a comprehensive literature review. Results: Themes were classified in 6 categories: Infrastructure and legal issues, the priority of disease reporting, workflow processes, motivation and attitude, human resources and knowledge and awareness. As the main reasons of under reporting, most physicians pointed out complicacy in reporting process and inadequate attention by the public sector. Managers emphasized instituting legal incentives and penalties. Experts focused on physicians’ knowledge and expressed a need for continuing medical education programs. Conclusions: Independent interventions will have little chance of success and sustainability. Different intervention programs should consider legal issues, attitude and knowledge of physicians in the private sector, and building a simple reporting process for physicians. Intervention programs in which the reporting process offers incentives for all stakeholders can help improving and sustaining the disease reporting system. Keywords: Iran, notification, public health practice, reporting http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/511http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/511/1165

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120130224The Effects of Panax ginseng on Lipid Profile, Pro-oxidant: Antioxidant Status and High-sensitivity C Reactive Protein Levels in Hyperlipidemic Patients in Iran10451051ENCardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranCardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranCardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranYoung Researchers Club, Mashhad Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran3Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine Research Department, ACECR-Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, IranCardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran5Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Mayfi eld House, Falmer, Brighton20130224Background: Because of the conflicting results from previous studies regarding the efficacy of ginseng on lipid profile and anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of its components, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Panax ginseng on lipid profile, pro-oxidant – anti-oxidant status and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. Methods: Forty Iranian hyperlipidemic patients were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 20) or control (n = 20) groups in this double-blind randomized controlled trial. The ginseng or placebo was taken two capsules twice a day for 8 weeks. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine and hs-CRP levels and pro-oxidant – anti-oxidant balance (PAB) were estimated before and after intervention.Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to changes in serum TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C levels. Nor were there significant differences between the two groups with respect to changes in hs-CRP level and PAB from baseline to week 8. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that ginseng does not have significant effects on lipid profile, Hs-CRP level and PAB. Further clinical studies, with a larger sample size, more prolonged period of therapy are needed to investigate the therapeutic effects of ginseng. Keywords: High sensitivity C reactive protein, lipid profile, Panax ginseng, pro-oxidant – anti-oxidant statushttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1083http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1083/1167

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120120508Factor Structure of the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaire-BREF in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease10521058ENDepartment of Anesthesiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran20120508Objective: The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL)-BREF is one of the most known general questionnaires for assessment of quality of life (QOL) in both healthy populations and in various diseases subgroups. The aim of the present study was to examine the construct validity of this questionnaire using factor analysis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Two hundred and seventy-five patients aged 35-80 years old with the diagnosis of CAD admitted to the Tehran Heart Center operating room for coronary artery bypass were consecutively entered into the study. QOL was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF. To estimate the reliability of the QOL questionnaire, Cronbach’s α coefficient was measured. To assess the structure of the questionnaire, we firstly performed confirmatory factor analysis to test the hypothesized factor models. Exploratory factor analysis was then performed using the principal component method with varimax rotation. Results: Reliability of the questionnaire was low (Cronbach’s α for different domains ranged from 0.24 to 0.74). In confirmatory factor analysis, only the 1-factor model indicated a good fit to the data. The exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor solution that jointly accounted for 55.7% of the variance observed. Also, the pattern of item loading was very different from the original structure of the questionnaire. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the WHOQOL-BREF might only be a measure of the overall QOL in patients with CAD, and is not a suitable instrument for measuring the different QOL dimensions as expected in this population. Keywords: Coronary artery disease, factor analysis, quality of life, WHOQOL-BREF questionnairehttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/712http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/712/1168

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120130127Olive and Sesame Oil Effect on Lipid Profi le in Hypercholesterolemic Patients, Which Better?10591062ENDepartment of Nutrition, Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, YazdDepartment of Nutrition, Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, YazdDepartment of Nutrition, Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd20130127Background: The study on natural substances especially, dietary components such as liquid oils affecting cholesterol can be important for therapeutic propose. Sesame seeds with various biomedical actions can be control the hypercholesterolemia. On the other hand, olive oil has a wide range of therapeutic effect on lipid profile in human. Aim: To evaluate and compare lipid profile changes after olive and sesame oils consumption in hypercholesterolemia. Methods: This study was a clinical randomized trial that was performed via parallel design on 48 patients. The patients were randomly allocated in to two groups: A: olive oil and B: sesame oil. After 1 month prescription of Step I National Cholesterol Education Program diet, patients consumed 4 table spoons aprox. 60 g) of refi ned olive or sesame oil daily as an exchange of other oils, for 1 month. Lipid profi les The P < 0.05 was considered as signifi cant difference. Result: Out of 48 patients, 24 (50%) were men. The mean age was 41.7 ± 8.3 years. The mean of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, before oil consumption was 224.5 ± 22, 256 ± 132, 132.6 ± 9, and 44.5 ± 11 mg/dl. After olive oil consumption cholesterol, TG, LDL-C, weight, waist and BMI were decreased and HDL-C was increased. After sesame oil consumption cholesterol, TG, LDL-C were significantly decreased. Weight, waist were decreased and HDL-C was increased (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Sesame oil had equivalent effect on lipid profile in comparison olive oil and lipid profile improvement was better in sesame oil in LDL-C and TG. Keywords: Hypercholesterolemia, olive oil, sesame oilhttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1043http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1043/1169

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120130609Sensitivity of PalmPrint, Modified Mallampati Score and 3-3-2 Rule in Prediction of Difficult Intubation10631069ENDepartment of Anesthesiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranCardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranDepartment of Anesthesiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranDepartment of Anesthesiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, AND Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranHRC, Baghiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran20130609Background: This study evaluated the performance of modified Mallampati score, 3-3-2 rule and palm print in prediction of difficult intubation. Methods: In a prospective descriptive study, data from 500 patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were collected. An anesthesiologist evaluated the airway using mentioned tests and another anesthesiologist evaluated difficult intubation. Laryngoscopic views were determined by Cormack and Lehane score. Grades 3 and 4 were defined as difficult intubation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and Youden index were determined for all tests. Results: Difficult intubation was reported in 8.9% of the patients. There was a significant correlation between body mass index and difficult intubation (P : 0.004); however, other demographic characteristics didn’t have a significant correlation with difficult intubation. Among three tests, palm print was of highest specificity (96.46%) and modified Mallampati of highest sensitivity (98.40%). In a combination of the tests, the highest specificity, sensitivity and Youden index were observed when using all three tests together. Conclusions: Palm print has a high specificity for prediction of difficult intubation, but the best way for prediction of difficult intubation is using all three tests together. Keywords: Difficult intubation, modified Mallampati score, palm print, 3-3-2 rulehttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1212http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1212/1170

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120120801Overweight and Obesity Among Early Adolescent School Girls in Urban Area of West Bengal, India: Prevalence Assessment Using Different Reference Standards10701074ENDepartment of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, (U.G.C. Innovative Funded Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, Rural Research Institute of Physiology and Applied Nutrition, ‘Gitanjali’, Dr. Nilay Paul Road, Midnapore, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, (U.G.C. Innovative Funded Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, (U.G.C. Innovative Funded Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, (U.G.C. Innovative Funded Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, (U.G.C. Innovative Funded Department), Vidyasagar University, Rural Research Institute of Physiology and Applied Nutrition, ‘Gitanjali’, Dr. Nilay Paul Road, Midnapore, Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, IndiaRural Research Institute of Physiology and Applied Nutrition, ‘Gitanjali’, Dr. Nilay Paul Road, Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India2012080120120801Background: Overweight and obesity are epidemic and a ‘public health crisis’ among adolescents worldwide. The rising trends in adolescent obesity in girl are poorly documented in India. The aim of this study was to compare and assess the extent of overweight and obesity in early adolescent school girls using three references [World Health Organization (WHO) 2007; the Center for Diseases Control (CDC) 2000 and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) 2000]. Methods: A cross sectional study was designed in 1375 early adolescent girl (10-14 years), in five Government affiliated schools of Kharagpur Municipality of West Bengal, India. Results: Results of this study are eloquent of the fact that the roots of obesity lies in early stage of adolescence. Incidence of overweight, including obesity of participants was 10.62%, 7.64% and 7.49% depending on the references used (WHO, CDC and IOTF) respectively. Both incidence and remission rates were higher among younger girls. Conclusions: Regarding the harmful ramifications of overweight and obesity, it is encourage to healthy eating patterns and increase physical activity among early adolescent girls. Keywords: Body mass index, early adolescent, obesity, overweight, school girl, West Bengalhttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/841http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/841/1171

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120120428Role of Private-Public Partnership (PPP) in Health Education: A Survey of Current Practices in Udaipur City, Rajasthan, India10861094ENDepartment of Public Health Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Ranakpura Road, Loyara, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India-313001.Department of Public Health Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Ranakpura Road, Loyara, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India-313001.Department of Public Health Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Ranakpura Road, Loyara, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India-313001.Department of Public Health Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Ranakpura Road, Loyara, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India-313001.Department of Public Health Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Ranakpura Road, Loyara, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India-313001.Department of Public Health Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Ranakpura Road, Loyara, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India-313001.201201282012042620120426-http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/464http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/464/1175

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120120704Sleep Quality of Professional Firefighters10951100ENMD, MPH, Associate professor of occupational medicine, Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMD, RPSGT, Associate professor of occupational medicine, Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMD, Resident of occupational medicine, Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran20120704-http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/781http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/781/1176

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120120422First Iranian Imported Case of Dengue10751077ENInfectious Diseases and Tropical Medical Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, IranBushehr University of Medical Sciences, Fateme-Alzahra Hospital, Department of infectious Diseaes, Bushehr, IranInfectious Diseases and Tropical Medical Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, IranInfectious Diseases and Tropical Medical Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran20120422Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne flavivirus infection, is endemic in Southeast Asia. Currently, incidences have been increasing among adults. There have been no published reports of dengue fever from Iran. Widespread connection between different countries may predispose them for acquisition of infection. The patient was a 58-year-old Iranian woman with acute unexplained high-grade fever for 4 days, associated with skin rash, after returning from Southeast Asia. CBC showed WBC = 1600/mm3 and platelet count 99,000/mm3. The patient also had hematuria. ELISA immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to dengue and serum RT-PCR for dengue virus was positive. The patient managed with conservative treatment and due to good general condition and improvement specific antiviral treatment was not started. She became afebrile at the 3rd day of hospitalization and discharged with good general condition on fourth day. She was afebrile after two weeks follow-up. Dengue fever has been increasing among adults. It should be suspected, when a patient presents with acute febrile illness and skin rashes returning from endemic region. Conservative treatment may be conducted in uncomplicated cases. Keywords: Dengue fever, first case, Iranhttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/690http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/690/1172

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120130408Changing the Treatment of Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus from Insulin to Glibenclamide in a 4-Month-Old Infant with KCNJ11 Activating Mutation10781081ENDepartment of Pediatrics Endocrinology, Namazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Pediatrics Endocrinology, Namazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran20130408Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) is a rare type of diabetes and KCNJ11 gene activating mutation is one of its prevalent causes. We introduced a 4-month-old male infant with poor feeding, restlessness, tachypnea, hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketonemia. He was discharged with insulin and after 2 months, KCNJ11 gene mutation was found and treatment was switched from subcutaneous insulin to oral glibenclamide. Now, he is 1 year old with desirable glycemic control; therefore, genetic study is recommended for KCNJ11 gene mutation in such patients because if the mutation is found, treatment can be switched from insulin to sulfonylurea. Keywords: KCNJ11, permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus, sulfonylureahttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1142http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1142/1173

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120130307Assessment of Clinical Profile of the Patients Treated at Ayurvedic Health Facilities in North India10821085ENDepartment of Community Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaCentral Government Health Scheme, Bangalore, IndiaAyurvedic Health Centre, Chalehali, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Kayachikitsa, Rajiv Gandhi Post Graduate Ayurvedic College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India20130307Since a very long time, a significant number of patients have been seeking treatment at Complementary and Alternative Medicine health facilities, but the disease burden at these facilities has never been assessed and documented. Present cross-sectional study was carried out at Ayurvedic tertiary care hospital to document and to assess the rationale of disease reporting at Ayurvedic institutions of the northern state of India from January 2011 to October 2011. Almost half of the patients’ morbidities were not classified at all into any of the disease categories. The common reported morbidities at study hospital were: Respiratory (10.5%), neuromuscular (9.5%), digestive (9.2%) and circulatory (9.1%) disorders. As the majority of diseases were unclassified, so mainstreaming of the effective disease surveillance would be required to understand the morbidity pattern and successful treatment practices at health facilities. Keywords: Ayurveda, morbidity, surveillancehttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1098http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1098/1174

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78021120130806Oxidative Stress and Aging Prevention11011102ENDepartment of Nephrology, Division of Nephropathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMedical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran20130806-http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1232http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1232/1177