International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78020020150527Epidemiology of Sexual Dysfunction in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis15281528ENDepartment of Sexual Health, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Sexual Health, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Sexual Health, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, & Department of Counseling, Islamic
Azad University, Marvdasht Branch, Marvdasht, IranDepartment of Sexual Health, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Counseling, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch, Neyshabur, Iran20150527<strong>Background:</strong> The aim of this study was to determine the cumulative prevalence rate of every sexual dysfunctions (SDs) in Iranian population.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> We searched international database such as: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, PsychNET, and Scholar Google and Iranian database such as Iran Psych, IranDoc, IranMedex, and SID. Search duration was between 1990 and 2013.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> From 449 articles were retrieved, then 11 articles on male with total sample size of 2142 and 8 articles on female with total sample size of 4391 were selected after critical appraisal. For<br />quality assessment check list to evaluate a prevalence article was contained study population, sampling method, sample size, criteria for SD diagnosis, specific rates, study location, and<br />authors list. In male, erectile dysfunction was 56.1%. In female, pooled estimation prevalence of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in complained group was 65.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.1-80.6%) compared to general population 35% (95% CI: 17.6-52.1%). Sexual arousal disorder in clinical patient was 59.6% (95% CI: 39-80%) against 33.8% (95% CI: 18.3-49.3%) in general population. Orgasmic disorder in complained was 35.5% (95% CI: 16-55%) and in general population was 35.3% (95% CI: 26.8-43.8%). Sexual pain disorder pooled estimation prevalence were 35.2% (95% CI: 14.5-56%) versus 20.1% (95% CI: 6.4-33.8%) in complained<br />and general population consecutively.<br /><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rate of SD in Iran was approximately the same of worldwide except orgasmic disorder which was two times more than the worldwide average.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Epidemiology, Iran, sexual dysfunction, sexuality, systematic reviewhttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1528http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1528/1816International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78020020150506Socioeconomic Status and in‑hospital Mortality of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Can Education and Occupation Serve as Preventive Measures?15221522ENDepartment of Health Sciences, Section of Public Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, SwedenDepartment of
Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Psychology, Mid-Sweden University, Östersund, SwedenDepartment of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Health Sciences, Section of Public Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, SwedenDepartment of Health Sciences, Section of Public Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden20150506<div style="left: 175.08px; top: 554.463px; font-size: 15.8007px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.13305);"><p><strong>Background:</strong> Socioeconomic status (SES) can greatly affect the clinical outcome of medical problems. We sought to assess the in‑hospital mortality of patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) according to their SES.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> All patients admitted to Tehran Heart Center due to 1<sup>st</sup>‑time ACS between March 2004 and August 2011 were assessed. The patients who were illiterate/lowly educated (≤5 years attained education) and were unemployed were considered low‑SES patients and those who were employed and had high educational levels (>5 years attained education) were regarded as high‑SES patients. Demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and in‑hospital medical progress data were recorded. Death during the course of hospitalization was considered the end point, and the impact of SES on in‑hospital mortality was evaluated.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 6246 hospitalized patients (3290 low SES and 2956 high SES) were included (mean age = 60.3 ± 12.1 years, male = 2772 [44.4%]). Among them, 79 (1.26%) patients died. Univariable analysis showed a significantly higher mortality rate in the low‑SES group (1.9% vs. 0.6%; P < 0.001). After adjustment for possible cofounders, SES still showed a significant effect on the in‑hospital mortality of the ACS patients in that the high‑SES patients had a lower in‑hospital mortality rate (odds ratio: 0.304, 95% confidence interval: 0.094–0.980; P = 0.046).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study found that patients with low SES were at a higher risk of in‑hospital mortality due to the ACS. Furthermore, the results suggest the need for increased availability of jobs as well as improved levels of education as preventive measures to curb the unfolding deaths owing to coronary artery syndrome.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Coronary disease, education, mortality, occupation</p></div>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1522http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1522/1810International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78020020150513Obesity Researches Over the Past 24 years: A Scientometrics Study in Middle East Countries15231523ENNon-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNon-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNon-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNon-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNon-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran20150513<strong>Background</strong>: Researchers, practitioners, and policy‑makers call for updated valid evidences to monitor, prevent, and control of alarming trends of obesity. We quantify the trends of obesity/<br />overweight researches outputs of Middle East countries.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> We systematically searched Scopus database as the only sources for multidisciplinary citation reports, with the most coverage in health and biomedicine disciplines for all related<br />obesity/overweight publications, from 1990 to 2013. These scientometrics analysis assessed the trends of scientific products, citations, and collaborative papers in Middle East countries. We also provided Information on top institutions, journals, and collaborative research centers in the field of obesity/overweight.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Over 24‑year period, the number of obesity/overweight publications and related citations in Middle East countries had increasing trend. Globally, during 1990–2013, 415,126<br />papers have been published, from them, 3.56% were affiliated to Middle East countries. Iran with 26.27%, compare with other countries in the regions, after Turkey (47.94%) and Israel (35.25%), had the third position. Israel, Turkey, and Iran were leading countries in citation analysis. The most collaborative country with Middle East countries was USA and within the region, the most collaborative country was Saudi Arabia.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Despite the ascending trends in research outputs, more efforts required for promotion of collaborative partnerships. Results could be useful for better health policy and more planned studies in this field. These findings also could be used for future complementary analysis.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Iran, Middle East, obesity, scientometricshttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1523http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1523/1811International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78020020150513Sociodemographic and Economic Determinants of Overweight and Obesity for Public-school Children in Geneva State, Switzerland: A Cross-sectional Study15241524ENUniversity of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, High School of Health, 1206 Geneva, SwitzerlandSchool Health Service, Department of Public Instruction, Geneva, SwitzerlandUniversity of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, High School of Health, 1206 Geneva, SwitzerlandUniversity of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, High School of Health, 1206 Geneva, SwitzerlandInstitute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine,University
of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,20150513<strong>Background:</strong> Obesity among children and adolescents is a growing public health problem. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence, socioeconomic and demographic determinants of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren from Geneva.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross‑sectional study was undertaken at the Public School of Geneva canton in Switzerland. A total of 8544 public school children were collected and analyzed: 2577 were in<br />second grade, 2641 in fifth grade and 3326 in eighth grade. To identify overweight and obesity we used the definition issued by the International Obesity Task Force. Child characteristics included gender, age, socioeconomic status (SES) of father and mother, and school grade. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine potential predictors of overweight/obesity.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of overweight or obese children was 14.4% in second grade, 17.3% in fifth grade and 18.6% in eighth grade. Multivariate logistic regression analyses reveal that children that have a low economic status or certain citizenships are more likely to be overweight or obese. Children of Kosovar origin, have a higher risk of OBO in second grade (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–4.00), fifth grade (adjusted OR = 2.36 95%<br />CI: 1.27–4.39) and in eighth grade (adjusted OR = 2.15 95% CI: 1.27–4.39). Association between SES and overweight was high with regards to the father’s SES in fifth grade (adjusted<br />OR = 4.21 95% CI: 2.83–6.25).<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Overweight and obesity is associated to socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors. The analyzes reveals that children with a low economic status and/or from certain countries are more likely to be overweight or obese than Swiss children. There is an urgent need for action to prevent further increase in overweight or obesity among children.<br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: Childhood, obesity, schoolhttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1524http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1524/1814International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78020020150513Awareness about “Ten Steps for Successful Breastfeeding” among Medical and Nursing Students15251525ENDepartment of Community Medicine, Pad. Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, Pad. Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, Pad. Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, Pad. Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India20150513<strong>Background:</strong> Baby‑friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) is a vital intervention supported by World Health Organization and UNICEF to reduce infant mortality and has been included as<br />a part of the curriculum in nursing and medical courses. To know the extent of knowledge of students about BFHI along with its understanding and to find out the gap in their knowledge<br />about BFHI steps.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among the nursing (4th year) and medical students (3rd year MBBS) about ten steps of BFHI by a pretested and<br />predesigned questionnaire. After ethical clearance, information was collected about their awareness and correct understanding concerning ten steps.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 102 (51.6%) medical and 96 (48.4%) nursing students comprising of 57 (28.8%) males and 141 (71.2%) females were interviewed, had similar mean score about the ten steps of BFHI. Female respondents 82.3% had best understood the step 2 (training), as compared to males 80.7%. About step 6 (no supplements) 94.3% females and 86% males had well understood the step. Step 7 (rooming in) was known to 85.8%<br />females and 54.4% males respectively. Step 9 (no pacifiers) was known to 80.1% females while among males 56.1% were aware. There was statistically significant difference in their knowledge about the steps 2 and 4 (skin to skin), 5 (counseling), 7, and 9 as females were more aware about these steps than males. The least understood steps in medical and nursing students were step 1 (written policy) (15.7%, 15.6%), step 3 (prenatal education) (27.5%, 29.2%), step 8 (cues) (10.8%, 24%) and step ten (community support) (8.8%, 11.5%) respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> BFHI is one of the successful international efforts undertaken to promote, protect and support breast feeding. Acquiring knowledge about the same by medical and<br />nursing students is most crucial tool for better practices by them in the future. Continued medical education, workshops and seminars by lactation specialists in addition to the regular<br />teaching about BFHI as part of the curriculum may be considered to ensure and update their knowledge about BFHI.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Awareness, Baby‑friendly Hospital Initiative, medical students, nursing studentshttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1525http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1525/1812International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78020020150513Mutation of Kisspeptin 1 Gene in Children with Precocious Puberty in Isfahan City15261526EN20150513<strong>Background</strong>: Considering the role of kisspeptin (KISS) in the process of puberty, this study aimed to determine the mutation of KISS1 gene among a group of patients with idiopathic central<br />precocious puberty (ICPP).<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: In this case control study, a group of children with diagnosed ICPP and a group of healthy children were selected. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of selected<br />population. After proving the quality and quantity of extracted DNA samples by nano‑drop instrument, PCR was performed using 3 set of primers to amplify all coding exons and flanking<br />intron region of Kiss1 gene.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: In this study, 33 patients with idiopathic PP and 30 control age and sex matched children were studied. Genetic analysis indicated that there was not any polymorphism or mutation in studied participants of the control group. Among patients with ICPP, 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms within the promoter and coding regions of KISS1 gene were determined in<br />9 patients (5 boys and 4 girls). Among them, the c.‑148 T > A was novel variant.<br /><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The results of the current study identified one novel polymorphism and three reported polymorphism in KISS gene among patients with ICPP. It is recommended to design<br />further studies for analysis other genes related to ICPP in accordance with more complementary biochemical evaluations is recommended also.<br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: Central precocious puberty, kisspeptin gene, mutation, polymorphismhttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1526http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1526/1813International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78020020150527Effects of opium consumption on coronary artery disease risk factors and oral health: Results of Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk factors Study a population‑based survey on 5900 subjects aged 15-75 years15271527ENPhysiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranDepartment of Cardiology,
Cardiovascular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranNeuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman
University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranResearch Center for Modeling in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Department of
Community Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran,Department of Cardiology,
Cardiovascular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranDepartment of Cardiology,
Cardiovascular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranGeneral Physician, Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranPhysiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran & Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA20150527<strong>Background:</strong> Opium abuse as a relatively common behavior among Iranian population may have an association with the other coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors. Here, we reported the prevalence of opium abuse and its co-exposures with oral health and other CAD risk factors.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> We recruited 5900 inhabitant aged 15-75 years using a randomized cluster household survey. All were interviewed for level of physical activity (PA), depression, anxiety and opium<br />use and assessed for hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and oral health status. Regarding to opium abuse, participants were grouped into: “Non-,” “occasional,” and “dependent” users.<br />Using logistic regression model for every CAD risk factor, we assessed whether the co-exposure of opium and CAD risk factor is significant.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Overall, 10.6% reported ever opium use including 5.6% dependent and 5% occasional users. The prevalence of opium abuse was increased from 2.1% in 15-25 years to 24.5% in 55-64 years group. Opium abuse, in occasional and dependent forms, was associated with depression<br />(adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.81 and 2.49) and low PS (AOR 1.43 and 1.71 respectively). Dependents were less obese than nonusers (P < 0.01). Opium abuse had no significant association with hypertension, diabetes, oral health status and lipid profile.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Opium abuse was associated with depression and low PA. No ameliorative effect was observed on hypertension, diabetes, and plasma lipid profile. Therefore, positive association of opium with depression and LPA and the incorrectness of belief on its ameliorative effect on three other<br />important risk factors of CAD should be clearly highlighted in public health messages to the community.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Coronary artery disease, opium addiction, prevalence, risk factorshttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1527http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1527/1826International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78020020150527Effect of Chewing Xylitol Containing and Herbal Chewing Gums on Salivary Mutans Streptococcus Count among School Children15291529ENDepartment of Public Health Dentistry, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College, Visnagar, Gujarat, IndiaDepartment of Public Health Dentistry, Sardar Patel Dental
College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Public Health Dentistry, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College, Visnagar, Gujarat, India20150527<strong>Background:</strong> The present study aims to assess and compare the reduction in salivary Mutans Streptococci counts after chewing Xylitol, herbal and placebo gums among high<br />school children.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted among 72 school children (12–15 years) from 3 randomly selected schools (blocks). Xylitol, herbal and placebo gums were randomly allocated to 3 blocks. Subjects were instructed to chew one pellet four times a day for 21 days. The mean reduction in salivary Streptococcus mutans count was assessed.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The 100% Xylitol sweetened chewing gum “Xylitol”has shown statistically signif icant reduction in salivary Mutans Streptococci colony forming units at the end of 21 days (P < 0.01). The reduction was not statistically significant in herbal and placebo chewing gum.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Hundred percentage Xylitol sweetened chewing gum was found to be more effective in reducing salivary Mutans Streptococci count when compared to herbal and placebo<br />chewing gums.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Gum base, herbal chewing gum, salivary Mutans Streptococci, xylitolhttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1529http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1529/1817International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-78020020150506Mobile Phone‑Based Education and Counseling to Reduce Stress Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital of India15211521ENDepartment of Community Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, S ‘O’ A University, Bhubaneswar, Khordha, Odisha, IndiaDepartment of Health Services Research
and Administration, Center for Global Health and Development, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, USADepartment of Community Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, S ‘O’ A University, Bhubaneswar, Khordha, Odisha, India20150506<strong>Background:</strong> Stress among diabetic patients is much more as compared to normal individuals. A delayed recognition of stress undoubtedly worsens the prognosis for survival for many diabetic patients. Hence, this study was planned to develop an intervention model for the reduction of stress among diabetic patients and to evaluate the developed intervention model in the proposed group. <p><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted in endocrinology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Starting at random, the patients were allocated to control group and test group. Controls were given printed educational materials. Test group were counseled with intense lifestyle education using both printed materials and computers; they were contacted by telephones by the investigator every 3weeks for 3 months and SMS were sent every week containing some educational tips.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 54 ± 11.5 years overall ranging from 30 years to 80 years. About two‑third of participants were males with similar distribution in both the groups (intervention = 66%, control = 64%). Half (50%) of the participants lived in joint families, followed by nuclear families (40%). Most (83%) were married and with either graduate or above graduate education (n = 39%). No significant difference was observed in socio‑demographic characteristics among both control and intervention groups ( P > 0.05). The average stress scores were similar (18.9) at baseline for control and intervention arms. At 3‑month follow‑up, however, these scores reduced to 17.05 in the intervention arm while they increased to 20.7 in the control arm. At 3 months follow‑up, higher proportion of stress reduction was seen in the intervention group.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Intervention in the form of intensive lifestyle education and phone calls and SMS significantly decrease their stress score. Mobile‑based education has great potential to improve their mental status and increase patient‑provider communication, and to decrease stress.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Mobile phone‑based education, SMS, stress</p><br />http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1521http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1521/1809