International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802002016072317191719ENDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanAcquired Immunodeficiency Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan Branch), IsfahanDepartment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20160723<p><strong>Background</strong>: Conventional hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination fails to achieve efficient protection in about 5&ndash;10% of the world population. Hence, different strategies have been adopted to ameliorate HBV antibody titers. This study aimed to evaluate the concurrent application of tetanus‑diphtheria (Td) and HBV vaccination on hepatitis B surface (HBs) antibody titer in low‑responder healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a randomized clinical trial, which was implemented among 140 of medical<br />staff working as health‑care workers assumed as low‑responders. The subjects were randomly<br />allocated to either control or interventional groups. The control and interventional groups received<br />HBV recombinant vaccine while the latter group was also vaccinated through Td. Enzyme‑linked<br />immunosorbent assay was applied to measure HBs antibody (HBsAb) titers just before and<br />6 months after the last vaccination. All data were entered into SPSS software. Independent<br />t‑test, paired t‑test, and Chi‑square or Fisher&rsquo;s exact test were applied for data comparison.<br />Results: Antibody titers of the subjects in the intervention and control groups soared from<br />49.08 &plusmn; 20.08 IU/L to 917.78 &plusmn; 204.80 IU/L and from 46.95 &plusmn; 18.55 to 586.81 &plusmn; 351.77 IU/L,<br />respectively (both P &lt; 0.001); nevertheless, by comparison with control group, variation of antibody</p><p>titer in the interventional group was significantly higher (P &lt;0.001).<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Concurrent application of Td and HBV vaccine could effectively enhance protective<br />levels of HBsAb titers in low‑responder individuals.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Hepatitis B vaccine, low responders, tetanus‑diphtheria vaccine</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1719http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1719/2009

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802002016072317181718ENDepartment of Reproductive Health& Community Based Participatory Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, TabrizDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, TehranCommunity Based Participatory Research Center & 5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran20160723<p><strong>Background:</strong> Smoking is a well‑known public health problem in women as well as men. In many countries including Iran, there is an increase in tobacco use among women. Exploring the experience of smoking by educated women in order to develop effective tobacco prevention programs in these women is necessary. This study aimed to explore the experiences of smoking among Iranian educated women.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This study used a method of qualitative content analysis with the deep individual, semi‑structured interviews on a sample of 14 educated female smokers, selected purposefully.<br />Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis with conventional approach while being collected.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The data analysis led to 16 subcategories which were divided into four main categories: (1) Personal factors including subcategories of imitation, show‑off and independence, inexperience and curiosity, personal interest and desire, improved mood, and social defiance; (2) family factors including smokers in the family, intrafamily conflicts, and family strictures and limitations; (3) social factors including subcategories of effects of work and school environment, gender equality symbols, peer pressure, and acceptance among friends; and (4) negative consequences of smoking including subcategories of a sense of being physically hurt, psychological and emotional<br />stress, and being looked upon in a negative and judgmental manner.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The findings of this study showed that smoking among Iranian educated women is a multifactorial problem. Thus, it is necessary to address smoking among educated women in a holistic approach that focuses on different&nbsp; determinants including personal, family, and social factors particularly the gender roles and stereotypes.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Cigarette smoking, education, Iran, qualitative study, women</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1718http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1718/2008

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802002016071617161716ENDepartment of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Urmia, UrmiaDepartment of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Urmia, UrmiaDepartment of Exercise Physiology Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, ArdabilDepartment of Exercise Physiology Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj20160716<p><strong>Background:</strong> Physical exercises can influence some anthropometric and fitness components differently. The aim of present study was to evaluate how a relatively long‑term training program in 11‑14‑year‑old male Iranian students affects their anthropometric and motor performance measures.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Measurements were conducted on the anthropometric and fitness components of participants (n = 28) prior to and following the program. They trained 20 weeks, 1.5 h/session with<br />10 min rest, in 4 times trampoline training programs per week. Motor performance of all participants was assessed using standing long jump and vertical jump based on Eurofit Test Battery.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The analysis of variance (ANOVA) repeated measurement test showed a statistically significant main effect of time in calf girth P = 0.001, fat% P = 0.01, vertical jump P = 0.001, and long jump P = 0.001. The ANOVA repeated measurement test revealed a statistically significant main effect of group in fat% P = 0.001. Post hoc paired t‑tests indicated statistical significant differences in trampoline group between the two measurements about calf girth (t = &minus;4.35, P = 0.001), fat% (t = 5.87, P = 0.001), vertical jump (t = &minus;5.53, P = 0.001), and long jump (t = &minus;10.00, P = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We can conclude that 20‑week trampoline training with four physical activity sessions/week in 11&ndash;14‑year‑old students seems to have a significant effect on body fat%<br />reduction and effective results in terms of anaerobic physical fitness. Therefore, it is suggested that different training model approach such as trampoline exercises can help students to promote the level of health and motor performance.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Fat, jump, physical ability, students, trampoline exercise</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1716http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1716/2006

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802002016071617151715ENNutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, AhvazDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, YazdDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, SelangorDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran20160716<p><strong>Background:</strong> Malnutrition is prevalent among patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and causes various complications. Dietary supplementation to provide appropriate nutritional support may reduce the malnutrition and complications through improvement in nutritional status. This study was carried out to assess the association between dietary supplementation and malnutrition among patients in ICUs.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A case&ndash;control study was conducted on 180 male patients aged 20&ndash;60 years in the ICUs of the hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran in 2013. Data of two groups including 83 patients (cases) who had consumed regular hospital meals and dietary supplements and 97 patients (controls) who had received regular hospital meals were compared. Anthropometric measurements, laboratory values, and dietary intakes were extracted from medical records, and Maastricht index (MI) was calculated. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21. T‑test and paired‑sample t‑test were used to determine the difference between groups.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Taking supplements increased daily energy intake, carbohydrate, and protein in case group (n = 83) significantly (P &lt; 0.05). MI changed to 3.1 &plusmn; 3.8 and 4.3 &plusmn; 4.2 in case (n = 83)<br />and control (n = 97) groups, respectively. Although the MI fell in both groups, it showed a greater reduction in case group (from 6.3 &plusmn; 5.3 to 3.1 &plusmn; 3.8).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Since consuming dietary supplements besides the regular hospital meals increased intake of energy and macronutrients and reduced the MI significantly, it was concluded that it helped supply nutritional requirements more effectively and improved the malnutrition in ICU.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Dietary supplement, Intensive Care Unit, Maastricht index, malnutrition, nutritional status</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1715http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1715/2005

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802002016073117221722ENDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, TehranDepartment of Basic Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, SariDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran20160731<p><strong>Background:</strong> Lippia citriodora Kunth is one of the Iranian traditional medicines for the treatment<br />of convulsive disorders. The goal of this study is to investigate the anticonvulsant activity of the<br />plant&rsquo;s leave ethanolic extract against electro‑ and chemoconvulsant‑induced seizures in mice.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The anticonvulsant activity of the extract (200, 400, 800 mg/kg, per os, p.o.) was<br />investigated in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES)‑induced seizures in<br />mice. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) and phenytoin (25 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) were used as reference<br />drugs. In addition, for investigating the role of GABAergic system, flumazenil (2 mg/kg, i.p.) was<br />also injected before L. citriodora.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The extract had not any toxicity and significantly decreased the duration and increased<br />the latency of the seizures induced by PTZ (90 mg/kg). In the MES test, L. citriodora displayed<br />statistically significant reduction in hind limb tonic extension duration in a nondose‑dependent<br />manner. Flumazenil reversed the anticonvulsant activity of the plant&rsquo;s extract in the PTZ model.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results propose that L. citriodora leave ethanolic extract has anticonvulsant<br />activity against convulsive disorders. It seems that this plant&rsquo;s extract generates its antiseizure<br />effect through GABAergic system potentiation. Further studies will be needed in order to investigate<br />the exact mechanisms of it. Moreover, one may conclude that the present results are in accordance<br />with the positive effect of L. citriodora extract to treat convulsion mentioned in old Iranian literature.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Anticonvulsant, Lippia citriodora, maximal electroshock, mice, pentylenetetrazole</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1722http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1722/2012

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802002016073117211721ENHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanIsfahan Provincial Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20160731<p><strong>Background:</strong> The rapid rise in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is one of the main health<br />challenges affecting the global development in the present era. This raising challenge is a major<br />threat to countries&rsquo; socioeconomic development as well as millions of people health.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> It was a retrospective study with analysis of reported death in Isfahan Province during a<br />5‑year period from 2007 to 2011. Required data were collected from statistics provided by Deputy<br />of Health in Kashan and Isfahan Universities of Medical Sciences in 2012. Excel software was<br />used for data analysis.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> During this period, the cardiovascular events, cancers and tumors, unintentional injuries,<br />respiratory diseases, and prenatal mortality were the main reasons of mortality in Isfahan Province.<br />The overall rate of cardiovascular events rose 5.10% in the 5‑years of the study observation, and<br />Khor &ndash; Biabanak was on the top of the list; while in cancer rating Khor &ndash; Biabanak, Golpayegan,<br />and Khansar both stood at the outset (per 1,000 people). For injuries, the highest rate belonged<br />to Golpayegan, Tiran‑Kervan, and Chadegan. Meanwhile, for mental illnesses, the highest rate<br />was observed in Khomeini Shahr. Moreover, the highest maternal and fetal mortality was reported<br />in Fereydunshahr, Khor &ndash; Biabanak and Mobarakeh.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Given the sharp rise of NCD, programs by health care system should be directed<br />toward lifestyle modification while a proper framework should be determined to deal with these<br />kinds of disease. Furthermore, optimal allocation of resources based on needs can provide better<br />facilities for different cities.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Cancer, cardiovascular events, death, injuries, Isfahan, mental diseases, mortality</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1721http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1721/2011

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802002016073117201720ENDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20160731Background: This study was performed to effects of garlic and lemon juice mixture on lipid profile<br />and some cardiovascular risk factors in people 30&ndash;60 years old with moderate hyperlipidemia.<br />Methods: In a parallel‑designed randomized controlled clinical trial, a total of 112 hyperlipidemic<br />patients 30&ndash;60 years, were recruited from Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center. People were<br />selected and randomly divided into four groups. Control blood samples were taken and height,<br />weight, and blood pressure were recorded. (1) Received 20 g of garlic daily, plus 1 tablespoon<br />lemon juice, (2) received 20 g garlic daily, (3) received 1 tablespoon of lemon juice daily, and<br />(4) did not receive garlic or lemon juice. A study technician was done the random allocations<br />using a random numbers table. All participants presented 3 days of dietary records and 3 days<br />of physical activity records during 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained at study baseline and<br />after 8 weeks of intervention.<br />Results: Results showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol (changes from baseline:<br />40.8 &plusmn; 6.1, P &lt; 0.001), low‑density lipoprotein‑cholesterol (29.8 &plusmn; 2.6, P &lt; 0.001), and fibrinogen<br />(111.4 &plusmn; 16.1, P &lt; 0.001) in the Group 1, in comparison with other groups. A greater reduction<br />in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed in Group 1 compared with the Groups 3<br />and 4 (37 &plusmn; 10, P = 0.01) (24 &plusmn; 1, P = 0.02); respectively. Furthermore, a great reduction in<br />body mass index was observed in the mixed group compared with the lemon juice and control<br />groups (1.6 &plusmn; 0.1, P = 0.04).<br />Conclusions: Administration of garlic plus lemon juice resulted in an improvement in lipid levels,<br />fibrinogen and blood pressure of patients with hyperlipidemia.<br />Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, garlic, hypercholesterolemic patient, lemon juicehttp://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1720http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1720/2010

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802002016071617171717ENDeputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education & NCD Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDeputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education & Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, TehranDepartment of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDeputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, TehranDeputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education & NCD Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran20160716<p><strong>Background:</strong> Today, with the rapid growth of scientific production, research misconduct has become a worldwide problem. This article is intended to introduce the successful experience on<br />the management of research paper misconducts in the field of health research.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Our aim was to design and develop the strategy for research misconduct policy. Focusing on the national regulatory system, we developed a hierarchical model for paper<br />misconduct policy in all the medical sciences universities and their affiliated research units.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Through our regulatory policy for paper misconduct management, specific protocol was followed in the field of health research publications through which the capabilities of<br />covering the four main elements of prevention, investigation, punishment, and correction have come together.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Considering the proposed strategy, regarding the strengths and weaknesses, utilization of evaluation tool can be one of the best strategies to achieving the prospective of<br />health research papers by 2025.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Health research, Iran, misconduct, policy, strategy</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1717http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1717/2007