International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802002017010817581758ENEntekhab Cancer Control Center, ALA Charity Foundation, IsfahanEntekhab Cancer Control Center, ALA Charity Foundation, IsfahanEntekhab Cancer Control Center, ALA Charity Foundation, IsfahanEntekhab Cancer Control Center, ALA Charity Foundation, IsfahanEntekhab Cancer Control Center, ALA Charity Foundation, IsfahanIsfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan20170108<p>Eight essential foods (EEF) described in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) have a determinant role to balance human temperament insuring health and well‑being. EEF included oral, imaginary, auditory, visual, olfactory, touch, sexual, and familiarity food. Oral foods should be halal, compatible with<br />individual temper, consumed up twice a day, and compatible with different seasons and geographic conditions. Imaginary food consists of the individual thought content which is directly related to mental and physical fitness. It helps to balance temperament if be free of negative thoughts such as suspicion and distrust to others. Auditory food includes all sounds surrounding us, some of which are sedative and help to balance temperaments, such as natural sounds, and spiritual and beautiful words. Visual<br />food includes everything in the range of human vision which is impressive on his/her thought. Natural beautiful scenes have almost a warm temper and help to balance human temperament. Olfactory food includes odors which stimulate the smell. Touch food includes all materials in direct contact with body skin, like clothes, which have a determinant role in temper moderation in the case of being natural. Sexual food complies with the human need to express his/her love and/or is loved, so its fulfillment could prevent human mal‑temperament. Familiarity food can be provided by companion with friends and family members and has a significant role to insure well‑being. Given the comprehensiveness of EEF in ITM which covers all human health‑related aspects, we can insure health and well‑being<br />among our population by promoting and public educating of these principles.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Eight essential foods, health promotion, Iranian traditional medicine</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1758http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1758/2048

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802002017012817601760ENBureau of Family, Population, Youth and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran & Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, AhvazHealth Psychology Department, Research Center of Education Ministry Studies, TehranNon-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj & Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranOffice of Adolescents and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, TehranOffice of Adolescents and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, TehranDepartment of Health Education and Promotion, Tarbiat Modarres University, TehranDepartment of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, TehranDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, JahromChronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranChronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranStudent Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanChronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20170128<p><strong>Background:</strong> This paper presents the methodology and early findings of the fifth survey of a school-based surveillance program in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This nationwide study was conducted in 2015 as the fifth survey of a surveillance program entitled &ldquo;Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Noncommunicable disease&rdquo; (CASPIAN-V) study. The protocol was mainly based on the World Health Organization-Global School student Health Survey. We studied 14400 students, aged 7-18 years, and their parents living in 30 provinces in Iran. Fasting blood was obtained from a sub-sample of 4200 randomly selected students.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The participation rate for the whole study and for blood sampling were 99% and 91.5%, respectively. The mean (SD) age of participants was 12.3 (3.2) years, consisting of 49.4% girls and 71.4% urban residents. Overall, 16.1% were underweight (17.4% of boys and 14.8% of girls), and 20.8% had excess weight consisting of 9.4% (8.7% of boys and 10.2% of girls) of overweight and 11.4% (12.5% of boys and 10.3% of girls) of obesity. Abdominal obesity was documented in 21.1% of students (21.6% of boys and 20.5% of girls). Low HDL-C was the most prevalent abnormality of the lipid profile (29.5%) followed by high serum triglycerides (27.7%). Of students, 59.9% consumed whole wheat bread; and 57% reported that they never or rarely added salt to table. The reported daily consumption of fresh fruits, vegetables, and milk was about 60%, 32%<br />and 40%, respectively. 13.7% of participants had at least 30-min daily leisure-time physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current findings provide an overview of the current health status and lifestyle habits of children and adolescents. This surveillance program would help planning preventive programs at individual and community levels.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Children and adolescents, methodology, prevention, surveillance</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1760http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1760/2050

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802002017012817591759ENDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, MwanzaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es SalaamInstitute of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Gottingen, GottingenDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es SalaamDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, MwanzaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza20170128<p><strong>Background:</strong> The World health organization advocates assessment of the burden of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) by seroepidemiological surveys and surveillance programs in all countries without vaccination programs. Due to scarcity of data in developing countries, this study was conducted to assess the seromakers for natural rubella infection in Tanzania during prevaccination era so as to ascertain the gaps for future research and prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross‑sectional study was conducted between September and October 2014. Indirect enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect rubella IgG and IgM antibodies. STATA version 11 was used to perform data analysis.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Of 723 enrolled participants, 368 (50.8%) and 94 (13%) were positive for specific IgG and IgM rubella antibodies, respectively. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, significant determinants of rubella IgG seropositivity were increase in age (odds ratios [OR]: 1.24, 95% confidence<br />interval [CI]: 1.18&ndash;1.29, P &lt; 0.001), low socioeconomic status (SES) (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.1.23&ndash;4.50, P = 0.010), and absence of rash (OR: 4.34, 95% CI: 1.1.17&ndash;15.3, P = 0.027), while only the presence of rashes was significant determinant of rubella IgM seropositivity (OR: 2.5, 95%; 1.07&ndash;5.98, P = 0.034). Significantly higher mean IgG titers were observed in population &ge;10 years (P &lt; 0.001), those residing in urban and peri‑urban areas (P &lt; 0.001), those from employed mothers (P = 0.018),<br />and those with no current history of fever (P = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The prevalence of specific rubella IgG antibodies in Tanzania is high and is associated with increase in age, absence of rash, and low SES. Results suggest a need to reconsider upper age limit for vaccination campaigns in developing countries. Screening and vaccinating women may be cost‑effective campaign to prevent CRS in developing countries.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> IgG, IgM, rubella, seromarkers</p>http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1759http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1759/2049

International Journal of Preventive Medicine (Int J Prev Med)2008-7802002017010817571757ENDepartment of Environment and Forests, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar, OdishaDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, OdishaDepartment of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, OdishaDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha20170108---http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/view/1757http://ijpm.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijpm/article/download/1757/2047