Association of Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin and Cystatin‑C with Kidney Function in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

Abstract

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a major clinical concern in human health, especially in children. Despite of the etiology, the prediction of remission in different treatment regimens based on suitable biomarkers is under development. The goal of this evaluation was the demonstration of correlation between serum level of Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin‑C with kidney function in patients with NS.

Methods: During the period between September 2008 and December 2011, 52 patients admitted to St. Al Zahra University Hospital were selected for evaluation. The measured parameters consisted of NGAL, cystatin‑C, creatinine, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, urine protein, glomerular filtration rate. Demographic data were collected and considered in comparisons. Comparison between variables and their correlations were examined.

Results: Means of serum NGAL and cystatin‑C were significantly higher in case than the control group, P < 0.05. The mean of serum NGAL in patients without remission and who achieved remission were 23.09 (standard deviation [SD] ±10.11) and 36.26 (SD ± 20.10) ng/ml respectively; P < 0.05. Serum NGAL levels had a correlation with the following factors: Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), cystatin‑C, remission. Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between cystatin‑C and systolic and DBP.

Conclusions: Based on the results, serum NGAL can be used as a prognostic marker for remission. In addition, NGAL and cystatin‑C are biomarkers of kidney injury in NS.

Keywords: Children, cystatin‑C, glomerular filtration rate, Nephrotic syndrome, Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin