The Prevalence of Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and the Most At‑risk Genotypes Among Iranian Healthy Women: A Systematic Review and Meta‑analysis

Abstract

Background: One of the most common sexual‑transmitted infections among women is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection which is associated with genital cancers. Different studies in Iran reported various prevalences, and combining their results could be important for health policy makers. This study aims to determine the total prevalence of HPV infection as well as its related genotypes, particularly HPV16 and HPV18 among Iranian healthy women.

Methods: Searching the Scientific Information Database, Iranmedex, Magiran, Irandoc, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databanks using relevant keywords and excluding duplicates and irrelevant evidence followed by applying exclusion criteria and quality assessment, eligible articles were selected. Standard error of the prevalence was calculated based on binomial distribution. Random effects model was used because of the high heterogeneity among the results.

Results: Of 14 studies entered into the systematic review, 24 pieces of evidence reported the HPV prevalence among 7655 healthy and noncancerous women in different Provinces
of Iran. Total prevalence of HPV, 9.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.8–12.02); HPV16, 2.03% (95% CI: 1.3–2.8); HPV18, 1.7% (95% CI: 0.9–2.5); and other genotypes of HPV, 5.3%
(95% CI: 3.6–6.9) were estimated.

Conclusions: Our meta‑analysis showed that the total prevalence of HPV and its high‑risk genotypes (16 and 18) among healthy noncancerous Iranian women was very high.

Keywords: Cervix, genotype, human papillomavirus, Iran, polymerase chain reaction, prevalence