How to Find Lessons from the Public Health Literature: Example of a Scoping Study Protocol on the Neighborhood Environment

Abstract

Background: As key determinants of many favorable health and quality of life outcomes, it is important to identify factors associated with mobility and social participation. Although several
investigations have been carried out on mobility, social participation and neighborhood environment, there is no clear integration of these results. This paper presents a scoping study protocol that aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the physical and social neighborhood environment is associated with or influences mobility and social participation in older adults.

Methods: The rigorous methodological framework for scoping studies is used to synthesize and disseminate current knowledge on the associations or influence of the neighborhood environment on mobility and social participation in aging. Nine databases from public health and other fields are searched with 51 predetermined keywords. Using content analysis, all data are exhaustively analyzed, organized, and synthesized independently by two research assistants.

Results: A comprehensive synthesis of empirical studies provides decision‑makers, clinicians and researchers with current knowledge and best practices regarding neighborhood environments with a view to enhancing mobility and social participation. Such a synthesis represents an original contribution and can ultimately support decisions and development of innovative interventions and clear guidelines for the creation of age‑supportive environments. Improvements in public health
and clinical interventions might be the new innovation needed to foster health and quality of life for aging population. Finally, the aspects of the associations or influence of the neighborhood
environment on mobility and social participation not covered by previous research are identified.

Conclusions: Among factors that impact mobility and social participation, the neighborhood environment is important since interventions targeting it may have a greater impact on an
individual’s mobility and social participation than those targeting individual factors. Although investigations from various domains have been carried out on this topic, no clear integration of
these results is available yet.

Keywords: Mobility, neighborhood environment, older adults, quality of life, scoping study, social participation