Clinical Effcacy and Safety of Methotrexate versus Hydroxychloroquine in Preventing Lichen Planopilaris Progress: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background: Lichen planopilaris is an inflammatory cicatricial alopecia, and its management is a challenge for dermatologists. We aimed to compare the effcacy of methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine on refractory lichen planopilaris.

Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 29 patients were randomly allocated to receive either 15 mg methotrexate/week or 200 mg hydroxychloroquine twice a day for 6 months. Side effects,  symptoms/signs, and laboratory tests were assessed periodically. Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index (LPPAI) was measured before intervention and at 2, 4, and 6 months after. The changes from baseline to the end of the study were analyzed within each group and between the two groups by per‑protocol and intention‑to‑treat analysis.

Results: After 2 months, mean (standard deviation [SD]) decrease in LPPAI in methotrexate group was signifcantly more than that in hydroxychloroquine group (1.68 [1.24] vs. 0.8 [0.71], respectively, P = 0.047). Furthermore, after 6 months, mean (SD) decrease in LPPAI in methotrexate group was signifcantly higher than that in  hydroxychloroquine group (3.3 [2.09] vs. 1.51 [0.91], respectively, P = 0.01). The following symptoms/signs showed signifcant improvements in frequency and/or severity in methotrexate group after intervention: pruritus (P = 0.007), erythema (P = 0.01), perifollicular erythema (P = 0.01), perifollicular scaling (P = 0.08), spreading (P = 0.001), and
follicular keratosis (P = 0.04). In hydroxychloroquine group, only erythema (P = 0.004) showed signifcant improvement.

Conclusions: Methotrexate was more effective than hydroxychloroquine in
treating refractory lichen planopilaris.

Keywords: Hydroxychloroquine, lichen planopilaris, methotrexate