Exposure to Global System for Mobile Communication 900 MHz Cellular Phone Radiofrequency Alters Growth, Proliferation and Morphology of Michigan Cancer Foundation‑7 Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Background: Today, using cellular phone and its harmful effects in human life is growing. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the global system for mobile communication (GSM) 900 MHz cellular phone radiofrequency waves on growth, morphology, and proliferation rate of
mesenchymal stem cells and Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF‑7) cells within the specifc distance and intensity.

Methods: MCF‑7 and human adipose‑derived stem cells (HADSCs) were exposed to GSM cellular phones 900 MHz frequency with intensity of 354.6 µW/cm2 during different exposure times 6, 21, 51, and 101 min/day with an interval of 10 min for each subsequent radiation exposure for 3 and 5 days at 10 and 20 cm distances from antenna. 3‑(4,5‑dimethythiazol‑ 2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and trypan blue test were used to determine the growth of cells and cell viability, respectively. Statistical analyses were carried out using three‑way ANOVA. Differences
were signifcant when P < 0.05.

Results: The proliferation rates of both MCF‑7 and HADSCs cells in all exposure groups were signifcantly lower than controls (P < 0.05). There was a signifcant effect on the percentage of cell survival with increase the period of time from 3 to 5 days for MCF‑7 (P < 0.01) and HADSCs (P = 0.02), respectively. Variations in distance had no signifcant effect on the percentage of cell survival (P = 0.35) on MCF‑7 (P = 0.02) and HADSCs (P = 0.09) cells, respectively.

Conclusions: The results showed that radiation of GSM 900 MHz cellular
phone may be reduced cell viability and proliferation rates of both cells. It is recommended to reduce exposure time, increase distance from antenna, and reserve the use of cell phones for shorter conversations to prevent its biological and harmful effects. Further studies with other intensities and frequencies on different cells are recommended.

Keywords: Cell phones, cell proliferation, electromagnetic felds, neoplasms, stem cells