A Burden Assessment of Occupational Exposures in Iran, 1990–2010: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Abstract

Background: The present study describes the burden of occupational diseases in Iran based on the results of the Global Burden of Disease study conducted in 2010 (GBD 2010). This study aimed to determine the burden of occupational diseases in Iran based on the results of GBD 2010. It is a cross‑sectional study.

Methods: Disability‑adjusted life years (DALYs) of occupational diseases were calculated based on the prevalence rates obtained through model estimation, as well as GBD 2010 disability weights and mortality rates obtained from different data registry systems of Iran. Causal association criteria application to select risk outcome pairs, estimation of exposure to each risk factor in the population, estimation of etiological effect size, selection of a counterfactual exposure distribution, risk assessment, and identifcation of burden attributable to each risk factor were the main conducted statistical steps.

Results: There was an increasing trend of DALYs (710.08/100,000
people in 1990 and 833.00/100,000 people in 2005) followed by a slight decrease (833.00/100,000 in 2005–784.55/100,000 people in 2010). A total of 50.4% and 36% of total DALYs per 100,000 people were due to the adverse effects of musculoskeletal disorders and work‑related injuries, respectively.

Conclusions: Musculoskeletal disorders and work‑related injuries are the most important adverse consequences of work‑related risks that require urgent interventions to be controlled. Male workers (15–25 years and over 60) with the highest DALYs and mortality rates need more training programs, safety regulations, and higher level of protection support. In spite the decreasing trend of occupational disease related DALYs and death rates in Iran in recent years, a long‑term effort is
required to maintain the currently decreasing trend.

Keywords: Global burden of diseases, Iran, occupational diseases