Perinatal Mortality According to Level of Perinatal Healthcare Institutions in Low Birth Weight Infants: Cross Sectional Multicentric Study

Enida Nevačinović, Anis Cerovac, Gordana Bogdanović, Elmedina Cerovac, Tvrtko Tupek, Haris Zuki

Abstract


Background: To investigate the total survival of low birth weight infants (LBWIs) in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB and H) and selected by subgroups of birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA).

Methods: This cross‑sectional study included newborns of both genders,
GA of 22–42 weeks and BW of less than 2500 g of 10 cantons territory of the FB and H. In the examined period, 22,897 children were born in the FB and H, of which 669 (2.9%) had BW less than 2500 g.

Results: Surviving of LBWIs in the FB and H out of the 669 LBWIs in the first level
perinatal healthcare institutions (PHI) was 29 (4.3%), the second level was 286 (42.8%), and the third level was 354 (52.9%). The total stillborn rate was 3.9%. The overall perinatal mortality rate for all levels of PHI was 8.6%. The overall rate of early neonatal mortality of LBWIs in all three levels of PHI in the FB and H was 12.7%. By the end of the first month of life (up to 28 days) and to the end of the neonatal period, 385 (57.5%) of LBWIs survived, and 284 (42.4%) died. The
LBWIs by subgroups of BW up to 28 days had lower survival rates in second‑level PHI than infants of the same BW subgroups (500–999 and 1000–1499) treated in third‑level PHI (P = 0.0089 and P = 0.004).

Conclusions: Our results show that B and H belongs to developing countries according to perinatal mortality. A unique database system is necessary to follow progress and trends.

Keywords: Developing countries, gestational age, infant mortality, perinatal care, pregnancy


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