COVID‑19: National Pandemic Management Strategies and their Efficacies and Impacts on the Number of Secondary Cases and Prognosis: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is the pathogen responsible for an acute respiratory disease designated COIVD‑19, which has spread throughout the world. Despite all the struggles with this virus, still, the majority of societies are affected by COVID‑19, which raises many questions such as are these ways of management enough, which is crucial in order to contain the virus spread, and which is not effective. In this systemic review, we tried to summarize the data on different ways of managing COVID‑19 outbreaks. Through understanding the efficacy and downsides of different approaches to manage COVID‑19, public health officials, governing bodies, and health care administrators may be better equipped with the tools necessary to best manage COVID‑19 and pandemics. Methods: This systematic review was carried out by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Articles were selected using several databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, all peer‑reviewed and published articles from December 1, 2019 to April 23, 2020 that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Results: The majority of the included articles were mathematical modeling, cohort studies (n = 9), cross‑sectional (n = 6), and one case series. Most articles originated from China and then Singapore. The measures that have been practiced in these articles consisted of close contact tracing and case isolation, quarantine, strict surveillance, lockdown, and travel surveillance. Conclusions: The most effective approach is at least the combination of case detection and isolation, and contact tracing or containment measures. In the literature, travel controls seem to be ineffective, personal hygiene should be tough and emphasized.