Economic Burden of Hepatitis B at Different Stages of the Disease: A Systematic Review Study

Shima Bordbar, Marziye Hadian, Elaheh Mazaheri, Zahra Shoara, Abdosaleh Jafari

Abstract


Background: Viral hepatitis is the most prevalent liver disease in the world. This disease imposes a great economic burden on families and the health system. This study was conducted to investigate the economic burden of hepatitis B at different ages of the disease using a systematic review method. Methods: Using the systematic review method, the researcher extracted articles related to the economic burden of hepatitis B at different stages of the disease using domestic and international databases including SID, MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, NHS Economic Evaluation Database (EED), EconLit, and Google Scholar before April 2020 and used the PICOTS framework to select the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment of methodology of the studies was evaluated using Drummond’s checklist. Results: After searching for articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 articles were included in the final analysis. The findings showed that the highest mean direct medical costs were $ 2748 for chronic hepatitis B, $ 18903 for compensated cirrhosis, $35668 for decompensated cirrhosis, and $93228 for liver cancer. In all of the studies, the highest mean direct medical costs were those of liver transplantation ($ 355000). Conclusions: The treatment costs of diseases related to chronic hepatitis B increase significantly at different stages the disease progression. Although vaccination actions can reduce the disease, we require more investment in the health system infrastructure to provide patients’ access to hepatitis drugs and reduce their direct payments.

Keywords


Cost of illness; disease; economic burden; hepatitis B; systematic review

Full Text:

PDF

References


Maindo PM, Mudwahefa DA, Mukendi J PK, Yuma SR, Muwonga JM, Misinzo G. Molecular characteristics of chronic hepatitis B virus infection among voluntary blood donors in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. bioRxiv 2019:740803. doi: 10.1101/740803.

Alter MJ. Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide. J Hepatol 2003;39:64 9.

Mohammadshahi J, Refahi S, Yousefipour B, Sardari M, Teimourpour R. Hepatitis B infection: Review article. Tehran Univ Med J 2018;76:576 87.

Ott MJ, Aruda M. Hepatitis B vaccine. J Pediatr Health Care 1999;13:211 6.

Hadian M, Mozafari M, Mazaheri E, Jabbari A. Challenges of the health system in preventing non communicable diseases; systematized review. Int J Prev Med 2021;12:71.

Iwarson S. Strategies for immunization against hepatitis B in western Europe. Vaccine 1993;11:S18 20.

Hadian M, Jabbari A, Mazaheri E, Norouzi M. What is the impact of clinical guidelines on imaging costs? J Educ Health Promot 2021;10:10.

Elgouhari HM, Abu Rajab Tamimi TI, Carey WD. Hepatitis B virus infection: Understanding its epidemiology, course, and diagnosis. Cleve Clin J Med 2008;75:881 9.

Marugán RB, Garzón SG. DNA guided hepatitis B treatment, viral load is essential, but not sufficient. World J Gastroenterol 2009;15:423 30.

Hadian M, Jabbari A, Abdollahi M, Hosseini E, Sheikhbardsiri H. Explore pre hospital emergency challenges in the face of the COVID 19 pandemic: A quality content analysis in the Iranian context. Front Public Health 2022;10:864019.

Zali MR, Mohammad K, Farhadi A, Masjedi MR, Zargar A, Nowroozi A. Epidemiology of hepatitis B in the Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J 1996;2:290 298.

Farzadegan H, Shamszad M, Noori Arya K. Epidemiology of viral hepatitis among Iranian population A viral marker study. Ann Acad Med Singap 1980;9:144 8.

Hadian M, Jabbari A, Sheikhbardsiri H. Workplace violence and influencing factors among paramedic pre hospital paramedic personnel (city and road) in Iran: A quality content analysis. BMC Emerg Med 2021;21:124.

Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Claxton K, Stoddart GL, Torrance GW. Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015. p. 464.

Jabbari A, Jafari A, Hadian M, Ghasemi M. Model based cost effectiveness analysis of atorvastatin drugs for prevention of cardiovascular diseases in Iran. Int J Prev Med 2020;11:57.

Buja A, Martines D, Lobello S, Vinelli A, Bardelle G, Lopatriello S, et al. A cost consequence analysis of hepatitis B screening in an immigrant population. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2015;51:327 35.

Keshavarz K, Kebriaeezadeh A, Alavian SM, Akbari Sari A, Abedin Dorkoosh F, Keshvari M, et al. Economic burden of hepatitis B virus related diseases: Evidence from Iran. Hepat Mon 2015;15:e25854.

Kavosi Z, Zare F, Jafari A, Fattahi MR. Economic burden of hepatitis B virus infection in different stages of disease; A report from southern iran. Middle East J Dig Dis 2014;6:156 61.

Lu J, Xu A, Wang J, Zhang L, Song L, Li R, et al. Direct economic burden of hepatitis B virus related diseases: Evidence from Shandong, China. BMC Health Serv Res 2013;13:37.

Zhang S, Ma Q, Liang S, Xiao H, Zhuang G, Zou Y, et al. Annual economic burden of hepatitis B virus‐related diseases among hospitalized patients in twelve cities in China. J Viral Hepat 2016;23:202 10.

Shon C, Choi HY, Shim JJ, Park SY, Lee KS, Yoon SJ, et al. The economic burden of hepatitis A, B, and C in South Korea. Jpn J Infect Dis 2016;69:18 27.

Ma QS, Liang S, Xiao HW, Zhang SX, Zhuang GH, Zou YH, et al. Survey of economic burden of hepatitis B related diseases in 12 areas in China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2017;38:868 76.

Harbarth S, Szucs T, Berger K, Jilg W. The economic burden of hepatitis B in Germany. Eur J Epidemiol 2000;16:173 7.