<ArticleSet>
<Article>
<Journal>
<PublisherName></PublisherName>
<JournalTitle>International Journal of Preventive Medicine</JournalTitle>
<Issn>2008-7802</Issn>
<Volume>2</Volume>
<Issue>4</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2011</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>06</Day>
</PubDate>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Reasons for Smoking among Male Teenagers in Tehran, Iran: Two Case-Control Studies Using Snowball Sampling</ArticleTitle>
<FirstPage>158</FirstPage>
<LastPage>158</LastPage>
<Language>EN</Language>
<AuthorList>
<Author>
<FirstName>Fatemeh</FirstName>
<LastName>Rezaei</LastName>
</Author>
<Author>
<FirstName>Saharnaz</FirstName>
<LastName>Nedjat</LastName>
</Author>
<Author>
<FirstName>Banafsheh</FirstName>
<LastName>Golestan</LastName>
</Author>
<Author>
<FirstName>Reza</FirstName>
<LastName>Majdzadeh</LastName>
<Affiliation>DVM, MSc, PhD, Professor, Center for Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR), and Department of Epidemiol- ogy and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and Knowledge Utilization Re- search Center (KURC), Tehran niversity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.. rezamajd@tums.ac.ir</Affiliation>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<History>
<PubDate>
<Year>2011</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>08</Day>
</PubDate>
<PubDate>
<Year>2011</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>29</Day>
</PubDate>
</History>
<Abstract>Objectives: Identifying the underlying factors contributing to smoking among teenagers is important in establishing smoking control programs. The present study was designed to identify and compare factors revealed in a preceding qualitative study conducted on 13-15 year-old boys living in two different socio-economic districts in the Northern and Southern parts of Tehran.Methods: Two completely similar case-control studies, each with 200 subjects, were conducted using a snowball sampling. The case and control subjects were matched based on the intimacy relations, i.e. six smokers were recruited in each of the Northern and Southern districts; they were then asked to introduce one of their smoker friends as a case and a non-smoker one as a control.Results: Multi-variable conditional logistic regression revealed that having a smoker father is the single effective factor in the two districts. As for boys living in the Northern (wealthier) part of the city, social capital (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.43-0.81) played a protective role against smoking, whereas quitting home after a quarrel (OR: 15.07, 95% CI: 1.54-147.25), monthly allowance (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.29-3.82) and hyperactivity (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 2.64-240.45) were associated with a higher risk of becoming a smoker.Conclusions: The studied variables can be classified as personal, familial, and school-level factors. Familial intervention is effective for all the factors which revealed to be influential on the risk of becoming a smoker. It could be concluded that interventions on the family level should be used to prevent the cigarette use in Tehran.Keywords: Smoking, Teenagers, Male, Snowball sampling.</Abstract>
</Article>
</ArticleSet>